【摘要】 胆道系统恶性肿瘤起病隐匿、发展迅速，大多患者初诊时已丧失手术根治机会，预后不良。以吉西他滨为基础的化疗是胆道系统恶性肿瘤的一线治疗，但效果有限。二代测序技术的进步为胆道系统恶性肿瘤精准治疗提供了可能性，但靶点阳性率低及治疗药物可及性差限制了胆道系统恶性肿瘤精准治疗的应用和发展。以免疫检查点抑制剂程序性死亡受体及其配体单抗为代表的免疫治疗时代的到来，为恶性肿瘤包括胆道系统恶性肿瘤治疗提供了令人鼓舞的前景。以免疫检查点抑制剂为基础的联合化疗和/或靶向治疗已经在胆道系统恶性肿瘤治疗中显现良好的效果，是未来晚期胆道系统恶性肿瘤治疗的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biliary malignant tumors have an insidious onset and rapid development, and most patients have lost the opportunity for radical surgery at initial diagnosis and often have poor prognosis. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for biliary malignant tumors, but with a limited clinical effect. The improvement in next-generation sequencing technology provides the possibility for the precise treatment of biliary malignant tumors, but the application and development of the precise treatment of biliary malignant tumors are limited by the low positive rate of targets and the poor accessibility of therapeutic drugs. The advent of the era of immunotherapy represented by the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody brings a promising future for the treatment of malignant tumors, including biliary malignant tumors. Combined chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown a good effect in the treatment of biliary malignant tumors, which is the direction of the treatment of advanced biliary malignant tumors in the future.更多还原