【摘要】 生产性服务带动创新是今后农业创新与发展的重要模式之一，理解其作用机制及适用条件意义重大。在理论剖析基础上，构建计量经济模型并运用OLS估计法，以水稻和玉米生产外包服务为例考察、验证环节作业的农时约束对外包服务供给的影响，进而讨论服务带动型创新模式在粮食生产不同环节的适用性。耕整地、播种、收割环节由于有效作业窗口期较长、环节作业时点相对固定，且不同地区的作业时点依纬度变化呈现先后顺序规律，环节专业化作业的“时间规模”较大，从而服务带动型创新模式具有可推广性。而病虫害防治环节作业时间紧迫，作业时点固定性低，不同纬度地区作业时间前后相继的规律性较弱，使得该环节专业化作业的“时间规模”过小，外包服务供给不足有其必然性，服务带动型创新模式在此类环节应用的有效性较低。通过土地经营规模化、连片化提升外包服务的空间规模，以及继续通过技术研发强化专业化服务的生产率优势、克服农时约束是今后强化生产性服务带动农业创新、发展的重要途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Productive service-driven innovation is one of the important modes of agricultural innovation and development in the future. It is of great significance to understand the mechanism and applicable conditions of this development mode. Taking the outsourcing service of rice and corn production as an example, on the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructs an econometric model and uses the OLS estimation method to investigate and verify the impact of farming season constraints on the supply of agricultural productive service, and then discusses the applicability of productive service driven innovation mode in different links of food production. From the perspective of the division of labor, the formation of a specialized service market which depends on the market scale is the premise of productive service-driven agricultural innovation. Agricultural production is a natural reproduction process. The market scale of its specialized operation includes two aspects: space market scale and time market scale. Different link farming season characteristics will lead to different market scales of specialized services. Due to the long effective operation period, relatively fixed link operation time, and the sequence of operation time in different regions according to latitude changes, the "time scale" of specialized operations in land preparation, sowing and harvesting is long, so the productive service driven innovation mode can be popularized in this kind of links. However, the "time scale" of specialized operation in pest control is too short due to the urgent operation period, low certainty of the operation time and weak regularity of operation time in different latitudes. In this kind of link, the shortage of productive service supply has its inevitability, and the applicability of productive service driven innovation mode is low. With the aging, feminization and part-time employment of the agricultural labor force, the demand for agricultural productive service will continue to rise in the future. How to take corresponding measures to promote the development of service supply may be an important content to be considered. First of all, creating conditions for mechanization is a necessary condition for deepening the division of labor within agriculture and driving agricultural innovation through productive service. China has a vast territory, and the natural environment and economic level vary greatly in different regions, limited by the topography, some areas are faced with the dilemma of using large machinery with high efficiency loss and using small machinery with low relative income. At this time, appropriate government intervention and support are needed. According to the topography, differential subsidy measures and subsidy intensity are taken for the same type of machinery or the same link of productive service, which is conducive to the promotion and application of agricultural production machinery. Secondly, free public training courses on mechanical operation and maintenance are provided for local agricultural machinery operators to further improve the efficiency of professional services and strengthen the comparative advantages of productive service. In addition, making full use of the opportunity of land transfer at this stage, encourage village collectives to guide farmers to unify the planting structure of adjacent plots, so as to create conditions for productive service organizations to fully obtain service scale economy, and so on. All these measures will contribute to developing the regional productive service supply to a higher level.更多还原