【摘要】 棚洞结构是山区公路抵抗落石冲击的重要工程手段，落石冲击响应的研究对落石灾害防护结构棚洞结构的设计至关重要。针对不同落石形状导致的冲击作用差异，通过3D打印模具，加工了5种不同形状的砂浆椭球体，研究了5种不同形状落锤对砂垫层的冲击效应。结果表明：不同形状落石的加速度时程曲线不同，达到峰值加速度的先后顺序为D₅、D₄、D₃、D₂、D₁,冲击持续时间为D₁>D₂>D₃>D₄>D₅;不同形状冲击力大小总有尖端椭球体（D₁、D₂）<球体（D₃）<扁平椭球体（D₄、D₅）,以球体落石冲击力为基准，得到引入形状系数的冲击力计算公式；通过对冲击力结果的拟合分析发现下落高度对冲击力的影响相对独立，不随落石形状的变化而变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shed tunnel structure is an important engineering means for mountain highway to resist rockfall impact. The research on rockfall impact response is very important for the design of shed tunnel structure. Aiming at the difference of impact effect caused by different falling stone shapes, five kinds of mortar ellipsoids with different shapes were processed through 3 D printing die, and the impact effect of five kinds of falling weights with different shapes on sand cushion was studied. The results show that the acceleration time history curves of rockfall with different shapes are different. The order of reaching the peak acceleration is D₅, D₄, D₃, D₂ and D₁, and the impact duration is D₁ > D₂ > D₃ > D₄ > D₅. The impact force of different shapes always has tip ellipsoid（D₁, D₂） < sphere（D₃） < flat ellipsoid（D₄, D₅）. Based on the impact force of sphere falling stone, an impact force calculation formula with shape coefficient is obtained. Through the fitting analysis of the impact force results, it is found that the influence of falling height on the impact force is relatively independent and does not change with the change of rockfall shape.更多还原