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有机无机氮配施对红壤旱地油菜光化学效率及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizers on Photochemical Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rapeseed in Upland Red Soil

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【作者】 汪瑞清吕丰娟胡立勇肖运萍魏林根林洪鑫张志华

【Author】 WANG Rui-qing;LYU Feng-juan;HU Li-yong;XIAO Yun-ping;WEI Lin-gen;LIN Hong-xin;ZHANG Zhi-hua;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement;College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University;

【通讯作者】 胡立勇;

【机构】 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心华中农业大学植物科学技术学院

【摘要】 为提高红壤旱地油菜的产量和累积氮肥利用效率,并阐明相关生理机制,以大面积推广的华油杂62和华油杂9号为试验材料,在南昌进行了田间试验,设置了5个施肥处理(#代表添加菜籽饼):T0,0;T1,180;T2,270;T3,180#;T4,270#。结果表明:(1)华油杂9号的平均产量较华油杂62的显著高出41.70%;(2)添加有机肥能提高越冬期油菜叶片的电子传递速率和PSⅡ光化学总量子产量,且不同施氮量对蕾薹期2个品种倒数第2至第4叶的PSⅡ实际光化学效率影响最为明显;(3)施氮量能够显著影响不同分枝部位的籽粒产量,其中倒数第2至第4分枝的产量高于其他分枝;(4)T1的产量和氮肥回收利用率较T3的分别高出0.92%(P>0.05)和1.09个百分点。研究表明,增施氮肥对倒数第2至第4叶的PSⅡ实际光化学效率和分枝产量影响最为明显。红壤旱地油菜适宜氮肥用量为180 kg/hm2,并采用全部无机肥或采用部分有机肥替代无机肥,都能够保持较高的产量和氮肥回收利用率。

【Abstract】 To improve the yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of the rapeseed in the upland red soil and clarify the related physiological mechanism,a field experiment was performed in Nanchang,and Huayouza 62,Huayouza 9 were used as test materials under five fertilizer rate treatments (T0-0,T1-180,T2-270,T3-180#and T4-270#,the number represents the total nitrogen application rate,with#indicating added rapeseed cake).The results showed that:(1) The average yield of Huayouza9 was 41.70%significant higher than that of Huayouza 62.(2) The organic fertilizer could increase the electron transport rate and total PSⅡphotochemical quantum yield (TPQY) of rapeseed during wintering stage.Meanwhile,nitrogen addition had the most obvious effects on the PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency from the top second to fourth leaves in the two cultivars.(3)Nitrogen rate significantly affected the grain yield at different branches,and the yield was higher in the second to fourth branches than in the others.(4) The yield of T1 treatment was 0.92%higher than that of T3 treatment (P>0.05),and the nitrogen recovery and utilization rate of T1 was 1.09%higher than that of T3.In conclusion,nitrogen application had the most obvious effect on the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡin new leaves,and increased the nitrogen application rate to 180 kg/hm2.Meanwhile,the use of all inorganic fertilizer or partial organic fertilizer instead of inorganic fertilizer can increase the yield of rapeseed and maintain high NRE.

【基金】 国家科技支撑计划(2009BADA8B01);湖北省农业科技创新项目(2016620000001045)
  • 【文献出处】 江西农业学报 ,Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi , 编辑部邮箱 ,2022年05期
  • 【分类号】S565.4
  • 【下载频次】63
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