【摘要】 为提高红壤旱地油菜的产量和累积氮肥利用效率，并阐明相关生理机制，以大面积推广的华油杂62和华油杂9号为试验材料，在南昌进行了田间试验，设置了5个施肥处理（#代表添加菜籽饼）：T₀,0;T₁,180;T₂,270;T₃,180#;T₄,270#。结果表明：（1）华油杂9号的平均产量较华油杂62的显著高出41.70%;（2）添加有机肥能提高越冬期油菜叶片的电子传递速率和PSⅡ光化学总量子产量，且不同施氮量对蕾薹期2个品种倒数第2至第4叶的PSⅡ实际光化学效率影响最为明显；（3）施氮量能够显著影响不同分枝部位的籽粒产量，其中倒数第2至第4分枝的产量高于其他分枝；（4）T₁的产量和氮肥回收利用率较T₃的分别高出0.92%（P>0.05）和1.09个百分点。研究表明，增施氮肥对倒数第2至第4叶的PSⅡ实际光化学效率和分枝产量影响最为明显。红壤旱地油菜适宜氮肥用量为180 kg/hm²，并采用全部无机肥或采用部分有机肥替代无机肥，都能够保持较高的产量和氮肥回收利用率。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency （NRE） of the rapeseed in the upland red soil and clarify the related physiological mechanism,a field experiment was performed in Nanchang,and Huayouza 62,Huayouza 9 were used as test materials under five fertilizer rate treatments （T₀-0,T₁-180,T₂-270,T₃-180#and T₄-270#,the number represents the total nitrogen application rate,with#indicating added rapeseed cake）.The results showed that:（1） The average yield of Huayouza9 was 41.70%significant higher than that of Huayouza 62.（2） The organic fertilizer could increase the electron transport rate and total PSⅡphotochemical quantum yield （TPQY） of rapeseed during wintering stage.Meanwhile,nitrogen addition had the most obvious effects on the PSⅡactual photochemical efficiency from the top second to fourth leaves in the two cultivars.（3）Nitrogen rate significantly affected the grain yield at different branches,and the yield was higher in the second to fourth branches than in the others.（4） The yield of T1 treatment was 0.92%higher than that of T₃ treatment （P>0.05）,and the nitrogen recovery and utilization rate of T₁ was 1.09%higher than that of T₃.In conclusion,nitrogen application had the most obvious effect on the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡin new leaves,and increased the nitrogen application rate to 180 kg/hm².Meanwhile,the use of all inorganic fertilizer or partial organic fertilizer instead of inorganic fertilizer can increase the yield of rapeseed and maintain high NRE.更多还原