【摘要】 为探究辣椒细胞质雄性不育材料B351A小孢子败育的时期及细胞学机制，小孢子发育时期与花蕾外观形态特征的关系，本研究采用半薄切片法对辣椒细胞质雄性不育系B351A及其保持系B351B的小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学形态进行了观察，并对不同时期对应花蕾外观形态进行了测量和描述。结果表明，雄性不育材料B351A小孢子败育发生在花粉母细胞减数分裂期，此时部分绒毡层细胞高度液泡化，体积径向增加，挤压药室导致花粉母细胞畸形，不能完成减数分裂形成四分体而败育。供试材料花粉母细胞时期或之前时期最明显的特征是花萼紧闭；四分体时期花萼微开，纵径3.11±0.40 mm，横径2.77±0.30 mm；当花冠与花萼等长时处于单核靠边期。花蕾外观形态特征可作为判断小孢子发育时期的依据，从而方便选取所需的小孢子对应的花蕾。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cytoplasmic male sterile line B351A and its maintainer line B351B were chosen as experimental material to study the microspore abortive stage, cytological mechanism and the relationship between development stage of microspore and the morphology of flower bud. In this study, semi-thin section method was used to observe the cytological morphology at different developmental stages of microspore of the two lines, and then the corresponding flower bud morphology at different developmental stages was measured and described. The results showed that the microspore abortion of B351A occurred at meiosis stage of pollen mother cells. Some tapetal cells were highly vacuolated and their volume increased in radial direction, which resulted in the compressed anther cells and malformed pollen mother cells, and finally pollen mother cells could not complete meiosis to form tetrads and aborted. Calyx closure was the most obvious characteristic of pollen mother cell stage or before. Buds with slightly opened calyx, a longitudinal diameter of 3.11±0.40 mm and a transverse diameter of 2.77±0.30 mm were discovered at tetrad stage. When the length of the corolla of buds was equal to that of the calyx, the buds were at the late-uninucleate stage.The morphological characteristics of flower buds can be used as the basis to judge the development period of microspores, so as to facilitate the selection of flower buds corresponding to the optimal stage of microspores.更多还原