【摘要】 目的 掌握某综合医院的医院感染、抗菌药物使用和病原菌培养送检情况，为医院感染预防与控制提供数据支持。方法 对2016—2021年每年调查日所有住院患者开展医院感染横断面调查，采用Excel 2016和SPSS 26.0进行资料整理和统计分析，统计方法包括描述性分析、χ~2检验和Fisher精确概率法。结果 2016—2021年医院感染现患率1.89%～2.31%,各年度之间无统计学差异(χ~2=1.133,P=0.951)。医院感染现患率居前列的科室主要为重症医学科、血液内科、心脏外科、康复医学科、胸外科等。除2018年外，其他年份呼吸系统感染所占比例均在50%以上，革兰氏阴性菌占比例均在70%以上。2016—2021年，抗菌药物使用率25.26%～37.45%,总体呈下降趋势，各年度之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=150.784,P<0.001);治疗用抗菌药物病原菌培养送检率46.20%～56.75%,总体呈上升趋势，各年度差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.853,P=0.007)。结论 医院感染现患率较低，同时抗菌药物合理使用和病原菌标本规范送检向好发展，但医院感染高发科室和高发部位的防控仍需加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the situation of nosocomial infection, the use of antibiotics and the submission of pathogens culture in a general hospital, so as to provide data support for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Methods A cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection was conducted in all inpatients on the survey days of each year from 2016 to 2021. Excel 2016 and SPSS 26.0 software were used for data collation and statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability were used for statistical analysis.Results From 2016 to 2021, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 1.89%-2.31%, and there was no statistical difference between years(χ~2=1.133, P=0.951). The departments with the highest prevalence of nosocomial infection were mainly the Iintensive Care Unit, Department of Hematology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, etc. Except for 2018, the proportion of respiratory system in other years was more than 50%, and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was more than 70%. From 2016 to 2021, the utilization rate of antibiotics was 25.26%-37.45%, showing a downward trend, and the difference between years was statistically significant(χ~2=150.784, P<0.001). The submission rate of pathogens culture for therapeutic use of antibiotics was 46.20%-56.75%, showing an overall upward trend, and there was a statistical difference between years(χ~2=15.853, P=0.007).Conclusion The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection is low. At the same time, the reasonable use of antibiotics and the standardized submission of pathogen culture are developing well. However, the prevention and control of high-risk departments and places of nosocomial infection still need to be strengthened.更多还原