【摘要】 GDP可以反映一个国家经济体量的大小，但不能直观体现贫富强弱，因此GDP的比较绝不能代替人均GDP的比较。20世纪六七十年代，中西人均GDP比较从工业革命前的差距论演变为相似论，后者一度成为广为流行的正统观点。1980年代以降，中西人均GDP的比较再掀高潮，不仅重新肯定了工业革命前的差距论，而且还将起点从工业革命前上溯到14世纪。黑死病后西欧其他地区由于没有进行同步改革，因而人均GDP出现不同于西北欧的演变趋势。这种差异性的演变不仅导致欧洲内部的“小分流”，还最终引起欧亚之间的“大分流”。更多还原

【Abstract】 GDP can reflect the size of a country’s economic volume, but it cannot directly reflect its wealth and strength. Therefore, the comparison of GDP can never replace the comparison of per capita GDP. In the 1960s and 1970s, the comparison of the per capita GDP between China and the West evolved from the gap theory before the Industrial Revolution to the similarity theory, which once became a popular orthodox view. After the 1980s, the comparison of per capita GDP between China and the West reached another climax, which not only reaffirmed the gap theory before the Industrial Revolution, but also traced the starting point from before the Industrial Revolution to the 14^th century. After the Black Death, due to the lack of synchronous reform in other parts of Western Europe, the per capita GDP had a different evolution trend from that in northwest Europe. This differential evolution not only led to “the little divergence” within Europe, but also ultimately to “the great divergence” between Europe and Asia.更多还原