【摘要】 为探求水肥一体化条件下甜瓜适宜的施肥灌溉制度，采用大棚盆栽试验，以常规撒施浇灌复合肥为对照，设置甜瓜全生育期不同灌水下限 (W1:75%θ_fc、W2:65%θ_fc、W3:55%θ_fc)、不同追肥水平 （F1:1 050 kg/hm²、F2:735 kg/hm²） 两因素，研究水肥一体化并施入厨余有机肥条件下对薄皮甜瓜生长、产量、水肥利用率及品质的影响。试验结果表明，增加施肥量对株高茎粗有显著提升，在伸蔓期之后，W2的茎粗显著大于 W1和 W3。施肥水平对点花和收果时间没有显著影响，但高灌水下限能够让作物提早进入成熟期，提高收果时的市场价值。灌水量和施肥量越大，果实形态各指标也随之增大。W1F1产量最高，相比 W3F2提高了 35.5%，与 W2F1产量不显著；降低灌水下限，WUE （水分利用效率） 逐渐上升、PFP （肥料偏生产力） 逐渐下降。WUE 最大值是 W3F1，是 CK 的 1.58 倍，PFP 最大的处理是 W1F1，比最低的 CK 提升了 28.4%。降低施肥量有利于甜瓜品质的积累。增大灌水量显著降低甜瓜的还原糖和可溶性固形物累积量；降低灌水量，VC 和可溶性蛋白累积量呈先增大后降低的趋势。对品质进行综合评价排序，W2F2的品质最好，W2F1次之。常熟地区进行设施甜瓜种植，若只考虑市场价值可以采用 W1F1方案作为灌溉施肥制度，综合考虑产量、品质和水肥利用率采用W2F1更为适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the suitable fertilization and irrigation regime for melon under the condition of water and fertilizer integration in this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was carried out with different irrigation threshold levels (W1:75%θ_fc,W2:65%θ_fc,W3:55%θ_fc) and different topdressing levels （F1: 1 050 kg/hm², F2: 735 kg/hm²）, by setting conventional spraying compound fertilizer coupled with flooded irrigation as the control, the melon growth, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency, and quality were studied. The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter significantly increased with the increase of fertilizer application. After the vine extension stage, the plant stem diameter under W2 was significantly higher than that under W1 and W3. The fertilization level had no significant effect on the flowering and fruit harvest time, but the high irrigation threshold could make the crop enter the maturity stage early and improve the market value at harvest period. The fruit morphology index increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization amount.The highest yield was found in W1F1which was 35.5% higher than that of W3F2 and not significantly different from that of W2F1. WUE gradually increased and PFP gradually decreased with the reducing of irrigation threshold. The maximum value of WUE was W3F1, which was 1.58 times that of CK, the maximum value of PFP was W1F1, which was 28.4% higher than that of the CK. Reducing the amount of fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of melon quality. The high irrigation amount significantly reduced the accumulation of reducing sugar and soluble solids, the accumulation of VC and soluble protein increased first and then decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. The ranking result of the comprehensive quality evaluation was that W2F2 was the best and W2F1 was the second. For the planting of protected melon in Changshu area, W1F1 can be adopted when only market value is considered, and W2F1 is more appropriate when the yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency are considered comprehensively.更多还原