【摘要】 目的 分析研究铝及铝合金在自然水环境中的腐蚀行为。方法 通过开展 LM₃纯铝、5083 铝、LF₆M去包铝及带包铝在淡海水交替、海水及淡水自然环境下 2 a 的暴露试验，将 3 种环境下材料的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率进行对比。总结 4 种铝及铝合金材料在不同水环境下的腐蚀规律，对其腐蚀机理进行简要的探讨，并对其长周期的腐蚀行为进行预测。结果 通过对 4 种材料局部腐蚀协同影响因子（b）的对比可以发现，淡水环境对 LM₃纯铝局部腐蚀的影响最大，淡海水环境对 5083 铝合金局部腐蚀影响最大，淡水及淡海水环境对 2 种 LF₆M 铝合金材料局部腐蚀的影响都很大。结论 5083、LF₆M 带包铝及去包铝，在淡海水交替自然环境下的耐蚀性能最差，LM₃纯铝在淡水环境下耐蚀性能最差。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is to study the corrosion behaviors of aluminum and aluminum alloy in natural water environment.Through the 2-year exposure test of LM₃ pure aluminum, 5083 aluminum, LF₆M unclad aluminum and clad aluminum in natural environments of freshwater-seawater alternating, seawater and freshwater, the corrosion morphology and corrosion rate of the materials in the three environments were compared. The corrosion laws of four kinds of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials in different water environments were summarized, their corrosion mechanisms are briefly discussed, and their long-term corrosion behaviors were predicted. By comparing the synergistic influence factor （b） of local corrosion of four materials, we can find that the fresh water environment has the greatest impact on the local corrosion of LM₃ pure aluminum; the fresh seawater environment has the greatest impact on the local corrosion of 5083 aluminum alloy; and both fresh water and fresh seawater environments have a great impact on the local corrosion of the two LF₆M aluminum alloy materials. The 5083 aluminum alloy LF₆M unclad aluminum and clad aluminum have the worst corrosion resistance in freshwater-seawater alternating natural environment; and LM₃ pure aluminum has the worst corrosion resistance in freshwater.更多还原