【摘要】 母乳是婴儿出生后最佳的营养来源。近年来研究证实母乳中微小核糖核酸(miRNA)含量丰富。miRNA是具有20～25个核苷酸的非编码RNA序列，在基因表达的转录后水平起调控作用，参与细胞和组织的分化、增殖和凋亡。外泌体(exosomes)在母乳miRNA的运输与吸收的摄取中起着关键作用。母乳miRNA可以通过对糖脂代谢、肠道、神经发育、免疫、表观遗传学和婴儿疾病防治等途径来影响婴儿的生理功能发育。文章就母乳中miRNA的生物学特征、转运方式和对婴儿生理功能发育的影响做一综述，以强调母乳对儿童乃至人类健康的重要性，为精准阐明母乳在子代发展中的作用提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infant after birth. In recent years, studies have confirmed that breast milk is rich in micro ribonucleic acid(miRNA). Micro ribonucleic acids(miRNA) are non-coding RNA sequences with 20-25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and participate in cell and tissue differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Exosomes play a key role in the transport and uptake of breast milk miRNA. Breast milk miRNA can affect the physiological development of infants through glucolipid metabolism, intestinal tract, neurodevelopment, immunity, epigenetics and prevention and treatment of infant diseases. This paper reviews the biological characteristics, transport modes and effects of miRNA in breast milk on the physiological development of infants, in order to emphasize the importance of breast milk for children and even human health, and to provide a basis for accurately clarifying the role of breast milk in offspring development.更多还原