【摘要】 研究目的：新冠疫情严重威胁人类健康，有必要再一次向广大学者证明急性运动对免疫系统的效益及恢复期变化情况，为人们科学健身提供高质量证据。研究方法：检索外文数据库包括Science Direct、Springer Link、Sports Discus、EBSCOhost、PubMed和Web of Science,检索年限均从2000年1月至2020年1月，收集急性运动影响免疫系统的实验研究，采用非随机对照实验的方法学评价文献质量，数据处理采用stata 14.0软件。研究结论：共纳入25篇研究，文献质量属于中等偏上。急性运动后即刻机体外周血中白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞含量明显增加机体免疫力提高；恢复期0.5、1h免疫细胞有所降低，恢复3h白细胞、中性粒细胞明显增加，凋亡延迟，激活非适应性免疫系统的警觉，可保护机体免受伤害；运动后24h基本恢复到静息水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: COVID-19 is a serious threat to human health. It is necessary to prove the benefits of acute exercise on the immune system and the changes in the recovery period to the vast number of scholars. Methods: Foreign databases including Science Direct, Springer Link, Sports Discus, EBSCOhost, PubMed and Web of Science were retrieved from January 2000 to January 2020. To collect the experimental studies on the effects of acute exercise on immune system, and to evaluate the quality of the literature using the methodology of non-randomized controlled trials. Results: A total of 25 studies were included, and the quality of the literature was above medium. The results of meta-analysis showed that the WBC content of the body increased significantly immediately after exercise(SMD=2.32, 95%CI: 1.61-3.03), and the WBC content reached the peak at 3 hours after exercise. Subgroup analysis showed that exercise pattern and exercise intensity could explain the heterogeneity among the 3h recovery studies. Immediately after exercise, the content of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes increased significantly. Neutrophils were significantly higher than the resting value in the convalescent period, and reached the peak value at 3h. During the recovery period, the lymphocyte decreased sharply at 0.5h, which was significantly lower than the resting value after 1h, and then gradually recovered to the resting level. Monocytes suddenly decreased to the resting level during the recovery period without statistical significance. Conclusion: Immediately after acute exercise, the contents of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood of the body significantly increase the immunity of the body. In the recovery period of 0.5 and 1h, the immune cells decreased, and the white blood cells and neutrophils increased significantly at 3h, and the apoptosis was delayed, which activated the vigilance of the adaptive immune system and could protect the body from injury. It basically returned to resting level 24 hours after exercise.更多还原