【摘要】 目的 对青海高原藏系绵羊引发的人间鼠疫疫情流行病学和相关鼠疫菌遗传特征进行研究，为制定出适合青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法 汇总分析青海省1958―2020年藏系绵羊引发的人间鼠疫疫情资料，描述其时间、地区和人群分布及其他流行病学特征；对38株分离自人、藏系绵羊和喜马拉雅旱獭的鼠疫杆菌进行测序，再结合其他参考菌株的基因序列分析菌株的全基因组单核苷酸多态性特征，构建菌株之间的系统发育关系。结果 1958―2020年共发生藏羊为疫情传染源的人间鼠疫疫情16起，发病69人，死亡42人，病死率60.86%。与藏系绵羊相关的鼠疫杆菌都位于系统发育树的同一进化分支1.IN2中，并具有明显的地域性特征。同一鼠疫事件中人、藏系绵羊和周边喜马拉雅旱獭分离菌株位于同一簇群，与流行病学调查资料相符。结论 流行病学结合系统发育关系分析，证实了青海省人间鼠疫来自藏系绵羊，而藏系绵羊鼠疫则起源于旱獭。藏系绵羊是青海高原上重要的家畜，因此不应低估藏系绵羊鼠疫的危害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective In order to offer a scientific basis for the prevention and management of the Tibetan sheep plague in Qinghai Province, the study looked into the epidemiology of the human plague caused by Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai plateau, as well as the genetic characteristics of the associated Yersinia pestis. Methods To summarize and analyze the human plague data caused by Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2020, as well as to describe its temporal, regional, and population distribution and other epidemiological characteristics. A total of 38 Yersinia pestis strains recovered from humans, Tibetan sheep, and Himalayan marmots were sequenced. The phylogenetic relationship between the strains was created using the gene sequences of other reference strains to assess the properties of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the full genomes of the strains. Results Between 1958 and 2020, there were 16 incidents of human plague in which Tibetan sheep were the source of infection, resulting in 69 illnesses and 42 deaths, with a mortality rate of 60.86%. All Yersinia pestis strains connected to Tibetan sheep belong to the same evolutionary branch of the phylogenetic tree(1.In2) and exhibited distinct regional characteristics. Human, Tibetan sheep, and neighboring Himalayan marmot isolates were all found in the same cluster during the same plague outbreak, which was consistent with epidemiological data. Conclusions Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that human plague originated from Tibetan sheep, and Tibetan sheep plague originated from marmots. Given the Tibetan sheep is an important domestic animal in the Qinghai Plateau, the harm of the Tibetan sheep plague should not be underestimated.更多还原