【摘要】 目的 了解广东省涉禽场所外环境中禽流感病毒的污染状况，为广东省人感染禽流感疫情防控、预测和预警提供依据。方法 2016—2020年从广东省21个地市5类涉禽场所采集外环境样本，使用荧光定量PCR法进行A型流感病毒核酸检测，对阳性样本进行H5、H7和H9亚型鉴定，描述广东省涉禽市场外环境中禽流感病毒的流行病学特征，使用χ2检验进行结果分析。结果 2016—2020年广东省共采集并检测外环境禽流感样本78 013份，A型流感病毒阳性16 303份（阳性率20.90%），其中H5亚型2 307份（阳性率2.96%）,H7亚型1 230份（阳性率1.58%）,H9亚型11 285份（阳性率14.47%），阳性样本中，混合阳性样本占9.82%。各年度外环境禽流感病毒阳性率高峰均出现在冬春季，2019和2020年季节性高发现象更明显，H7亚型阳性率在2016—2017年出现了一次高峰，且与人感染H7N9病例数呈正相关（Spearman,r=0.828,P<0.01）。各类场所和样本中，家禽屠宰加工厂外环境样本的A型流感病毒阳性率最高（29.75%），宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭样本和清洗禽类的污水样本的A型流感病毒阳性率最高（27.72%和21.83%）。结论 广东省各地均存在外环境禽流感病毒污染，每年冬春季为高发期，禽类屠宰和交易有较高的禽流感病毒感染风险。针对这些流行特点，需加强冬春季外环境禽流感的监测和防控，加强各类涉禽场所的外环境消毒，相关工作人员需注意个人防护。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of avian influenza virus in poultry related sites in Guangdong province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus.Methods From 2016 to 2020, environmental samples were collected from 5 types of poultry related sites in 21 prefectures of Guangdong. The detection of influenza A virus was conducted by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the positive samples were identified for subtype H5, H7 and H9 viruses. The epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza virus in environment of poultry related sites in Guangdong were described, and the results were analyzed by χ2 test. Results A total of 78 013poultry related environmental samples were collected in Guangdong from 2016 to 2020. In which 16 303 were positive for avian influenza virus(20.90%), 2 307 were positive for subtype H5 virus(2.96%), 1 230 were positive for subtype H7 virus(1.58%) and 11 285 were positive for subtype H9 virus(14.47%). Among the positive samples, mixed positive samples accounted for 9.82%. The positive rate of avian influenza virus in environment peaked in winter and spring, especially in 2019and 2020, and the positive rate of subtype H7 virus peaked during 2016-2017, which was positively correlated with the number of human H7N9 virus infection cases(Spearman, R=0.828, P<0.01). Among all kinds of places and samples, the positive rates were high in poultry slaughter houses(29.75%), chopping block swabs(27.72%), and poultry cleaning swage samples(21.83%). Conclusion Avian influenza virus contamination exists in all parts of Guangdong, and the incidence of the human infection with avian influenza virus is high in winter and spring every year. People engaged in poultry slaughtering and trade are at high risk for avian influenza virus infection. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for avian influenza virus in poultry related environment in winter and spring, strengthen environmental disinfection in all kinds of poultry related sites, and people with occupation exposure should pay attention to personal protection.更多还原