【摘要】 目的 系统评价呼吸肌训练对运动员呼吸肌功能、肺通气功能及运动表现等相关指标的影响，通过对现有实证性研究结果进行统计分析，总结归纳出呼吸肌训练的最适宜方案。方法 检索Pub Med、Web of Science、EBSCO、中国知网、万方数据库，搜集呼吸肌训练对运动员呼吸肌功能、肺通气功能及运动表现影响的随机对照试验（RCT），运用Stata16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入31项RCT，包括各项目一般及高水平运动员610例。Meta分析结果显示：呼吸肌训练在提高运动员最大口腔吸气压（MIP）MD=27.93,95%CI[21.12,34.75],p <0.01；用力肺活量（FVC）MD=0.13,95%CI [0.03,0.23],p <0.05；每分最大通气量（MVV）MD=7.65,95%CI[1.86,13.44],p<0.05；计时测试（TT）SMD=-0.53,95%CI[-0.77,-0.29],p<0.01等方面均显著优于对照组，但两组在一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1.0） MD=0.11,95%CI[-0.01,0.22],p>0.05方面的差异无统计学意义。Meta回归分析发现，训练时间是引起MIP研究间异质性的主要因素来源。具体表现为吸气肌压力阈值负荷训练对MIP的影响达到非常显著性水平（p<0.01）,8～12周的训练效果优于4～6周，5～7天/周的训练频率优于2～4天/周。结论 呼吸肌训练能够有效改善运动员MIP及多种肺通气功能，提高运动表现，持续时间8～12周、训练频率5～7天/周的吸气肌压力阈值负荷训练更有可能收获理想的训练效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To systematically evaluate the impact of respiratory muscle training on the respiratory muscle function, pulmonary ventilation function, and sports performance of athletes. Through the statistical analysis of the existing evidences, the most suitable program for respiratory muscle training is summarized. Methods Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang database, and collected RCTs on the impact of RMT on athletes’ respiratory muscle function, lung ventilation function, and sports performance. The metaanalysis was carried out using the Stata version16.0. Results Thirty one trails involving 610 average and high-level athletes in various events revealed significance different among groups in favour of the intervention group on maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP)MD=27.93, 95%CI[21.12, 34.75], p<0.01, forced vital capacity(FVC) MD=0.13, 95%CI[0.03, 0.23], p<0.05, maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)MD=7.65, 95%CI[1.86, 13.44], p<0.05, time trail(TT)SMD=-0.53, 95%CI [-0.77,-0.29], p<0.01. The difference of expiratory volume in one second(FEV1.0)MD=0.11, 95%CI [-0.01, 0.22], p>0.05 was not statistically significant. Meta regression analysis found that training duration was the main cause of the heterogeneity between studies. The specific performance is that the influence of inspiratory pressure threshold load training on MIP reaches a very significant level(p<0.01), the training effect of 8-12 weeks is better than that of 4-6 weeks, and the training frequency of 5-7 days/week is better 2-4 days/week. Conclusion Respiratory muscle training can effectively improve athletes’ MIP and various lung ventilation functions, and improve sports performance. Inspiratory pressure threshold training with a duration of 8-12 weeks and a training frequency of 5-7 days/week is more likely to achieve ideal training results.更多还原