【摘要】 为了安全防除抗草铵膦转基因马铃薯田间杂草，以转Bar基因马铃薯为试验材料，分析比较了有效成分1 440 g·hm^-2灭草松（T1）、99 g·hm^-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵（T2）、1 440 g·hm^-2灭草松+99 g·hm^-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂（T3）、1 695 g·hm^-2草铵膦（T4）、923 g·hm^-2草甘膦（T5）和清水（CK）处理下杂草防效、马铃薯生长指标、块茎产量及品质特性和药剂残留情况。结果表明，草甘膦在杀灭杂草的同时，也杀死了马铃薯植株，受害率达100%;灭草松、11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵和草铵膦对马铃薯均未产生药害，但因对杂草的防效不同而导致达到的增产效果差异显著。药后45 d时，灭草松和11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂（T3）对阔叶杂草的株、鲜重防效较灭草松单独处理（T1）分别提高35.13和38.71个百分点，较11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵单独处理（T2）分别提高23.88和16.29个百分点，对禾本科杂草的株、鲜重防效较T1分别提高78.36和80.92个百分点，较T2分别提高11.85和8.23个百分点，马铃薯单株产量较CK、T1和T2分别增加58.39%、35.52%和11.44%。草铵膦（T4）对阔叶和禾本科杂草的株、鲜重防效都显著高于T1、T2和T3,单株产量较CK、T1、T2和T3分别增加67.40%、43.24%、17.79%和5.6%。因此，用有效成分1 695 g·hm^-2的草铵膦可以高效防治转Bar基因马铃薯田间杂草，但为了防止转Bar基因马铃薯连作时，因靶标除草剂草铵膦作用单一而诱导杂草产生草铵膦抗性的风险，建议用有效成分1 440 g·hm^-2的灭草松和99 g·hm^-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂与草铵膦轮换防治杂草。本研究为转Bar基因马铃薯大面积种植中田间杂草的科学防治提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to safely control the weeds in glufosinate-resistant transgenic potato field, the Bar-transgenic potatoes were used as test materials, and the control effect of weeds, the indicators of potato growth, tuber yield and quality characteristics, and pesticide residues were compared among the test plots. That were treated with 1 440 g·hm^-2 bentazone（T1）, 99 g·hm^-2 11% sulfensulfuron·quizalofop-p-ethyl（T2）, 1 440 g·hm^-2 bentazone + 99 g·hm^-2 11% sulfensulfuron·quizalofop-p-ethyl（T3）, 1 695 g·hm^-2 glufosinate-ammonium（T4）, 923 g·hm^-2 glyphosate（T5） and clear water（CK）. The results showed that glyphosate killed both weeds and potato plants with a damage rate of 100%. Neither bentazone, 11% sulfensulfuron·quizalofop-p-ethyl nor glufosinate-ammonium had any toxicity to potato, but the effect of increasing potato yield was significantly different due to the different control effects on weeds. At 45 d after treatment, the plant and fresh weight control effects of the mixed preparations of bentazone and 11% sulfensulfuron.quizalofop-p-ethy1（T3） on broadleaf weeds increased by 35.13 and 38.71 percentage points respectively compared with the treatment of bentazone alone（T1）, and increased by 23.88 and 16.29 percentage points respectively compared with the treatment of 11% sulfensulfuron·quizalofop-p-ethyl alone（T2）. The plant and fresh weight control effects on gramineous weeds increased by 78.36 and 80.92 percentage points respectively compared with T1, and increased by 11.85 and 8.23 percentage points respectively compared with T2. The per plant yield of potato tubers increased by 58.39%, 35.52% and 11.44%, respectively, compared with CK, T1 and T2. The control effects of glufosinate-ammonium（T4） on broadleaf and gramineous weeds were significantly higher than those of T1, T2 and T3, and the per plant yield of potato tubers were 67.40%, 43.24%, 17.79% and 5.6% higher than those of CK, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Therefore, the glufosinate-ammonium with effective ingredients of 1 695 g·hm^-2can effectively control weeds in the field of Bar-transgenic potatoes. However, in order to prevent the risk of inducing the resistance of weeds to glufosinate-ammonium due to the single action of the target herbicide glufosinate-ammonium during continuous planting of Bar-transgenic potatoes, the mixed preparations of bentazone and 11% sulfensulfuron·quizalofop-p-ethyl respectively with effective ingredients of 1 440 g·hm^-2 and 99 g·hm^-2 is recommended to use to control weeds in rotation with glufosinate-ammonium. This study provided a scientific basis for the scientific control of weeds in the field of large-scale planting of Bar-transgenic potatoes.更多还原