【摘要】 采用带毒平板法及生长速率法研究了黄皮等23种植物甲醇提取物对8种植物病原真菌和9种动物病原细菌的抑制作用，旨在为开发植物源抑菌剂提供科学依据。结果表明，质量浓度为10 mg/mL时，黄皮、杨梅、五爪金龙、苏门白酒草、假臭草、商陆6种植物的甲醇提取物对植物病原真菌具有较好的抑菌活性，黄皮叶甲醇提取物对8种植物病原真菌的抑菌率均在60%以上，有效抑制中质量浓度（EC50）为0.033 2～5.172 7 mg/mL。黄皮、杨梅、五爪金龙、苏门白酒草、假臭草、蟛蜞菊等15种植物甲醇提取物对至少1种动物病原细菌具有较好的抑菌活性，最低抑制质量浓度（MIC）为0.625～10 mg/mL，其中黄皮叶甲醇提取物的抑菌活性优于其他植物提取物。黄皮叶甲醇提取物经液-液萃取分离得石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和萃余物，当质量浓度为5 mg/mL时，其石油醚萃取物对8种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性显著优于其余3种萃取物，抑菌率为65.14%～88.67%。黄皮叶甲醇提取物的石油醚萃取物对9种动物病原细菌的MIC为0.156 3～1.250 0 mg/mL，其抑菌效果优于其余3种萃取物。可见，黄皮叶在植物源抑菌剂方面具有较好的开发应用价值，抑菌活性成分主要存在于石油醚萃取物中。更多还原

【Abstract】 The inhibition effect of methanol extracts from 23 plants on eight plant pathogenic fungi and nine animal pathogenic bacteria were studied by means of poisoned plate method and growth rate method,to provide a scientific basis for the development of botanical antimicrobial agents. The results showed that at mass concentration of 10 mg/mL,the methanol extracts of Clausena lansium,Myrica rubra,Ipomoea cairica,Conyza sumatrensis,Praxelis clematidea and Phytolacca acinosa had good inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rates of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves against eight plant pathogenic fungi were all more than 60%,and the median effective concentration(EC50)were 0. 033 2—5. 172 7 mg/mL. The methanol extracts from 15 plants(Clausena lansium,Myrica rubra,Ipomoea cairica,Conyza sumatrensis,Praxelis clematidea,Wedelia chinensis,and so on)showed good antibacterial activity against at least one animal pathogenic bacterium,with the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of 0. 625 0—10 mg/mL. Among them,the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves was superior to that of other plant extracts. The methanol extract from Clausena lansium leaves was seperated into petroleum ether extract,ethyl acetate extract,n-butyl alcohol extract and raffinate by liquid-liquid extraction. At mass concentration of 5 mg/mL,the antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether extract against eight plant pathogenic fungi was significantly better than that of the other three extracts,with the antimicrobial rates of 65. 14%—88. 67%. The MIC values of petroleum ether extract of the methanol extract of Clausena lansium leaves against nine animal pathogenic bacteria were 0. 156 3—1. 250 0 mg/mL,and its antibacterial effect was superior to that of the other three extracts. It can be seen that the leaves of Clausena lansium have a good development and application value in botanical antimicrobial agents,and the antimicrobial components mainly exist in the petroleum ether extract.更多还原