【摘要】 基于国家地表水环境质量监测网，收集整理“十三五”时期长江经济带地表水1 178个可比断面监测数据，结合人口、社会经济、污染排放等数据，分析了长江经济带水环境变化和社会经济发展各项指标之间的相关性。结果表明：“十三五”时期，长江经济带地表水水质稳中趋好，GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类～Ⅲ类水质断面比例由76.2%升至86.5%，劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例由3.7%降至0.4%。长江经济带地表水水质主要超标指标总磷（TP）浓度、化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH3-N）浓度分别下降32.4%、10.9%和53.3%，但安徽、江苏和上海等下游省（市）TP浓度、COD和NH3-N浓度相对较高，且个别断面其浓度不降反升。导致废/污水排放量变化最大的驱动因素依次为人口数量、第二产业占比和主要污染物排放量。“十三五”时期，国家进一步加大长江经济带水环境治理力度，废/污水治理设施运行费用逐年增加，上升了30.2%，长江经济带水环境治理成效显著，但社会经济发展和污染排放压力依然存在，仍需进一步提质增效，保障长江经济带水环境持续改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the National Surface Water Environmental Quality Monitoring Network,the monitoring data of 1 178 comparable sections in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB) during the 13th Five-Year Plan period were derived and sorted.Combined with the data of population,social economic and pollutant discharges,the correlations between the variation of water quality and various socio-economic development indicators in YREB were analyzed.The results showed that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the surface water quality of YREB had improved steadily,and the water quality was good.The water sections meeting Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002) had increased from 76.2% to 86.5%,while the sections that were inferior to Grade V standard had decreased from 3.7% to 0.4%.The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),which were the main over-standard indexes of surface water quality in YREB,decreased by 32.4%,10.9% and 53.3%,respectively.The concentrations of TP,COD and NH3-N in the downstream provinces(municipalities) such as Anhui,Jiangsu and Shanghai were relatively high,and the concentrations of TP,COD and NH3-N in some individual sections increased.The biggest driving factors leading to the change of waste/sewage discharge were the population,the proportion of secondary industry,and the discharge of main pollutants.During the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the state further strengthened the water environment treatment of YREB.The operation cost for waste water treatment facilities increased year by year,up by 30.2%.The water environment treatment in YREB achieved remarkable results.However,the pressure from socio-economic development and pollution discharge still existed.To ensure the continuous improvement on the water environment in YREB,further improvements on the quality and efficiency were needed.更多还原