【摘要】 以秦岭山区-黄土高原过渡带的渭河流域为研究对象，基于流域控制站——华县水文站1960—2010年的日径流数据，采用数字滤波法、基流指数法、局部最小值法和平滑最小值法等9种方法开展了基流分割对比研究，并探讨了渭河流域径流量、基流量与基流指数年内和年际尺度的演变规律。结果表明：9种方法在渭河流域均能够得出基流过程，但不同方法的分割结果存在一定差异；以极值比、变化幅度和基流过程变化考量，发现数字滤波法中Chapman-Maxwell滤波法(F2)和Chapman-Maxwell滤波法(F3)的分割结果最为稳定，分割得到的过程线最为合理。从年内变化来看，渭河流域的径流主要集中在汛期，同期基流指数较小，仅为41.60%,而在枯水期，基流指数有所增大，达到50.19%,这表明秦岭山区-黄土高原过渡带的地下水补给(基流)是枯水期河川径流的主要来源；从年际变化来看，径流量和基流量均呈现出显著的下降趋势，这与近年来气候变化和流域内的人类取用水的快速增加有关，但基流指数相对稳定，这说明区域地下水与地表水的转化机制并未有大的改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking the Weihe River basin in the transition zone between Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau as the research object, based on the daily runoff data of Huaxian hydrological station from 1960 to 2010, nine methods such as digital filtering method, base flow index method, local minimum method and smooth minimum method are used to carry out the comparative study of base flow separation, and the evolution laws of runoff, base flow and base flow index in Weihe River basin are discussed. The results are as follows. The base flow process can be obtained by all nine methods in the Weihe River basin, but the segmentation results of different methods are different to some extent. Considering the extreme value ratio, variation amplitude and base flow process variation, it is found that among the digital filtering methods, Chapman Maxwell filtering method(F2) and Chapman Maxwell filtering method(F3) have the most stable segmentation results, and the segmented process line is the most reasonable. In terms of annual variation, the runoff of Weihe River basin is mainly concentrated in the flood season, and the base flow index in the same period is small, only 41.60%. In the dry season, the base flow index increased to 50.19%. This indicates that groundwater recharge(base flow) in the Qinling Mountains-Loess Plateau transition zone is the main source of river runoff in dry seasons. From the perspective of interannual change, runoff and base flow show a significant downward trend, which is related to climate change and the rapid increase of human water intake in the basin in recent years. However, the base flow index is relatively stable, which indicates that the transformation mechanism of regional groundwater and surface water has not changed significantly.更多还原