【摘要】 通过人工气候室高温模拟试验，研究分析高温热害对棉花（Gossypium spp.）叶片和蕾铃脱落的影响。结果表明，棉花在遭受不同强度与不同持续时间的高温胁迫后，其叶片、蕾和幼铃均出现异常脱落现象，且高温持续时间越长、温度越高，其蕾铃脱落率、叶片脱落率（落叶率）越高。与对照相比，在35℃高温下，处理后3、6、9 d落叶率分别增加19.8、28.0和50.7个百分点，蕾铃脱落率分别增加17.7、19.8和33.7个百分点；38℃高温下，处理后3、6、9 d时落叶率分别增加24.7、32.4和52.3个百分点，蕾铃脱落率分别增加23.4、26.9和37.5个百分点。通过对石河子垦区1964—2019年最高气温变化规律进行气候诊断法分析，得出石河子垦区≥35℃高温主要出现在6—8月，高温日数平均为13.2 d，连续3 d高温出现概率为76.3%，说明高温热害在石河子垦区发生概率高，是制约棉花高产优质的主要气象灾害之一，棉花生产中需加强预防。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the high temperature simulation test in the artificial climate chamber,the effects of high temperature heat damage on the abscission of cotton(Gossypium spp.)leaves and buds and bolls were studied. The results showed that the leaves,buds and young bolls of cotton showed abnormal abscission after high temperature stress with different intensities and different durations. The longer the duration of high temperature and the higher the temperature,the higher the abscission rate of buds and bolls and the abscission rate of leaves(defoliation rate). Compared with the control,under the high temperature of 35 ℃,the defoliation rate increased by19.8,28.0 and 50.7 percentage points at 3,6 and 9 days after treatment,and the bud and boll shedding rate increased by 17.7,19.8and 33.7 percentage points,respectively. At 38 ℃,the defoliation rate increased by 24.7,32.4 and 52.3 percentage points at 3,6 and9 days after treatment,and the bud and boll shedding rate increased by 23.4,26.9 and 37.5 percentage points,respectively. Through the analysis of the climate diagnosis method of the highest temperature change rule in Shihezi reclamation area from 1964 to 2019,it was concluded that the high temperature of ≥ 35 ℃ in Shihezi reclamation area mainly occurred from June to August,the average number of high temperature days was 13.2 d,and the probability of high temperature for 3 consecutive days was 76.3%. It showed that the probability of high temperature heat damage in Shihezi reclamation area was high,which was one of the main meteorological disasters that restricted the high yield and high quality of cotton. Prevention should be strengthened in cotton production.更多还原