【摘要】 为明确不同温湿度条件对成熟期小麦穗发芽的影响效应，以黑龙江北部麦区的主栽品种龙麦35为试验材料，分别设定3个水平的温度（15、20、25℃）和相对湿度（80%、85%、90%），分析不同温湿度处理对成熟期小麦的穗发芽开始时间、穗发芽率、发芽势、整穗水分变化率和千粒重等指标的影响，以期为小麦穗发芽鉴定和收获管理提供理论参考。结果表明，温湿度互作对成熟期小麦穗发芽有显著影响，在15、20℃下，RH80%处理推迟了穗发芽开始时间，降低了穗发芽率、延缓了整穗水分变化速率，千粒重降幅趋缓，15℃、RH90%(T1H3)显著提高了穗发芽率，第3天就达到46.77%。但在25℃下，RH90%处理反而抑制了成熟期小麦的穗发芽进程，第7天的穗发芽率仅为27.87%。相同湿度下，随着温度的升高，萌发进程推迟、发芽开始时间延长，穗发芽率、发芽势、整穗水分变化率逐渐降低，千粒重下降速度减缓。15℃、RH90%(T1H3)处理可以显著加快成熟期春小麦的整穗水分变化、促进穗发芽进程、提高穗发芽率、发芽势。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to clarify the effects of different temperature and humidity conditions on pre-harvest sprouting during maturity,in this study,Longmai 35 was used as the test material which was the main cultivar in the Heilongjiang northern wheat region,set three levels of temperature(15、20、25 ℃)and relative humidity(80%,85%,90%),respectively. The effects of different temperature and humidity treatments in the mature period of pre-harvest sprouting start time,pre-harvest sprouting rate,germination energy,whole ear moisture change rate and thousand-grain weight were analyzed,in order to provide theoretical reference for pre-harvest sprouting identification and harvest management. The results showed that the interaction of temperature and humidity has a significant effect on pre-harvest sprouting at the mature stage. At 15 ℃ and 20 ℃,RH80% treatment delayed the start of pre-harvest sprouting,reduced the pre-harvest sprouting rate,delayed the rate of change of the whole ear moisture,and slowed down the thousand-grain weight.15 ℃,RH90%(T1H3)significantly increased pre-harvest sprouting rate,reaching 46.77% on the third day. But at 25 ℃,RH90%treatment inhibited pre-harvest sprouting process of mature wheat,pre-harvest sprouting rate on the 7 th day was only 27.87%. Under the same humidity,with the increase of temperature,the germination process is delayed,the germination start time is prolonged,the pre-harvest sprouting rate,germination energy,and the change rate of whole ear moisture are gradually reduced,and the thousandgrain weight decline rate slows down. 15℃,RH90%(T1H3)treatment can significantly accelerate the change of the whole ear moisture of mature spring wheat,promote pre-harvest sprouting process,increase pre-harvest sprouting rate and the germination energy.更多还原