【摘要】 为促进长粒型粳稻品种的选育，以粳稻品种东富139、龙粳31和东农427为试验材料，利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建了pYLCRISPR/Cas9-GS3-RNA和pYLCRISPR/Cas9-GS3-GS9-RNA 2个敲除载体，通过农杆菌转化法侵染受体材料的愈伤组织，对GS3和GS9基因进行定点编辑。最终，3个品种在T₂都获得了GS3单基因突变、GS9单基因突变和GS3、GS9双基因突变，且无T-DNA元件的纯合植株。在成熟期对T₂突变体及其野生型的农艺性状进行考察分析，结果表明，与野生型相比，3个品种的gs3突变植株的粒长、千粒质量均显著增加，粒宽、结实率和穗粒数无显著变化；gs9突变体粒长显著增加，粒宽显著减少，千粒质量、结实率和穗粒数无显著变化；gs3gs9突变体粒长增加，且增幅大于gs3和gs9,同时粒宽显著减少，千粒质量显著增加，而结实率和穗粒数无显著变化。综上，利用CRISPR/Cas9技术对东富139、龙粳31和东农427等3个粳稻品种的粒型进行改良，加快了长粒型粳稻新品种的选育进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to promote the breeding of long-grain japonica rice varieties, two knock-out vectors, pYLCRISPR/Cas9-GS3-RNA and pYLCRISPR/Cas9-GS3-GS9-RNA,were constructed with japonica rice varieties Dongfu 139,Longjing 31 and Dongnong 427,the genes of GS3 and GS9 were edited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in vitro.In the end, GS3,GS9 and GS3,GS9 double-gene mutations without T-DNA elements were obtained in the T₂.The results showed that the grain length and 1000-grain weight of gs3 mutant plants of three varieties were significantly increased compared with those of wild type, grain width, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle did not change significantly, grain length of gs9 mutant increased significantly, and grain width decreased significantly, while 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle did not change significantly, and grain length of gs3 gs9 mutant increased more than gs3 and gs9,at the same time, grain width decreased significantly, 1000-grain weight increased significantly, while seed setting rate and grain number per ear did not change significantly.To sum up, three japonica rice varieties, Dongfu 139,Longjing 31 and Dongnong 427 were improved by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, which accelerated the breeding process of new long-grain japonica rice varieties.更多还原