【摘要】 8年多时间，系统开展了江南油杉（Keteleeria fortune var. cyclolepis）种质资源收集与保存、评价与筛选及壮苗繁育体系构建等方面的研究。在分类地位与形态特征方面，进一步确定了江南油杉在我国油杉属中的分类地位及其识别的形态特征；明晰了营养器官的解剖结构及其生态适应性。在种质资源收集与保存方面，确定了我国全分布区江南油杉种质资源数量及分布等情况，弄清了天然林群落植物组成、主要群落类型、集中分布区域和分布特点，掌握了天然林典型群落的植物组成、层次结构、物种多样性、群落径级和高度结构及群落更新情况；确定了人工林冠幅与胸径的相关关系及其目标径阶下的最适经营密度，并探索出了人工林生长与地形和气象因子及植物多样性与生境因子的关系；确定了广西范围内江南油杉天然林和人工林以材积最大收获量为目的的优树选择标准。在种质资源评价与筛选方面，弄清了小孢子发生和雄配子体发育及花粉活力与传粉过程；确定了花粉离体萌发最佳培养基组合和培养条件及花粉最佳贮藏温度和时间；确定了江南油杉具有丰富的遗传多样性，种源/家系苗期生长性状遗传变异丰富，并具有较高遗传力；掌握了苗期根叶的物候期观测方法及其物候期变化规律，探明了苗期物候期内养分含量变化规律，获得了苗木培育精准施肥的基础数据；确定了江南油杉能适应重度干旱胁迫、总体耐盐性不强、苗木生长量随锰浓度降低而逐渐下降、能适应短时间高锰环境胁迫等特性；揭示了江南油杉种源苗期光合特征的差异性，福建种源为苗期光合特征表现最好的种源。在壮苗繁育体系构建方面，种群间种实性状有较高的稳定性，种子性状受地理环境因子的影响比球果大，海拔是主要影响因素；种源间种实各生物学参数差异显著，果径比可作为种子质量评价的重要参考指标；千粒重是评价种子质量的重要指标，种子萌发能力随种子来源地呈由西向东萌发能力逐渐增强的趋势；恒温比变温更适合种子萌发，模型预测种子最适萌发温度为27.3℃；筛选出了较适宜种子萌发的光照、水分和基质条件，以切根为主的控根组合及显著促进根系生长的菌剂；确定了适宜苗木生长的肥料类型和配比，轻基质中复配功能菌显著提高苗木存活率和生长量；系统总结了营养杯实生苗培育技术，制定并发布了广西地方标准《江南油杉轻基质容器育苗技术规程》。更多还原

【Abstract】 For more than 8 years, systematic research has been carried out on Keteleeria fortune var. cyclolepis,including collection, preservation, evaluation and screening of germplasm resources, and construction of strong seedling breeding system. Taxonomic status and morphological characteristics of K. fortune var. cyclolepis were further determined. Anatomical structure and ecological adaptability of vegetative organs were cleared. In terms of collection and preservation of germplasm resources, quantity and distribution of germplasm resources of K.fortune var. cyclolepis in the whole distribution areas of China were determined. Plant composition, main community types, concentrated distribution areas and distribution characteristics of natural forest community were clarified, and plant composition, hierarchy structure, species diversity, diameter class and height structure of community and community renewal of typical natural forest community were mastered. Relationship between canopy width and DBH, and the optimal management density under target DBH in artificial forest were determined. Relationships between growth and topographic, meteorological factors as well as plant diversity and habitat factor were explored. Selection criteria of superior tree in natural and artificial K. fortune var. cyclolepis forest in Guangxi were determined for purpose of maximum volume harvest. In terms of germplasm resource evaluation and selection, microsporpgenesis, male gametophyte development, pollen vitality and pollination process were cleared. The optimal culture medium and culture condition in vitro pollen germination and the best pollen storage temperature and time were determined. It was determined that K. fortune var. cyclolepis had abundant genetic diversity, growth traits at seedling stage of provenance/family had rich genetic variation and higher heritability. Phenological period observation method and phenological period change rule of root and leaf at seedling stage were mastered. Nutrient content change rule in phenological period at seedling stage was proved.Base data of precise fertilization in seedling cultivation was obtained. It was confirmed that K. fortune var. cyclolepis could adapt to severe drought stress, overall salt resistance was not strong, seedling growth gradually decreased with decrease of manganese concentration, and could adapt to environment with high manganese concentration in short time. Differences of photosynthetic characteristics of K. fortune var. cyclolepis provenances at seedling stage were revealed, and seedling photosynthetic characteristics of Fujian provenance were the best. In terms of construction of strong seedling breeding system, traits of seed and cone among populations had higher stability.Seed traits were more affected by geographical environment factors than cones, and altitude was the main influencing factor. There were significant differences in biological parameters among provenances, and fruit diameter ratio could be used as an important reference index for seed quality evaluation. 1000-seed weight was an important index to evaluate seed quality, and germination ability of seed increased from west to east with origins of seeds. Constant temperature was more suitable for seed germination than variable temperature, and the optimal germination temperature was 27.3 ℃. The optimal conditions of light, water and substrate for seed germination, combination of root control with root cutting as main factor and bacteria agent significantly promoting root growth were selected. Type and proportion of fertilizer suitable for seedling growth were confirmed.Combination of functional bacteria in light substrate significantly increased survival rate and growth of seedling.Nutrition cup seedling cultivation technology was systematically summarized, and the Guangxi local standard "Keteleeria fortune var. cyclolepis light matrix container seedling cultivation technology regulation" was formulated and published.更多还原