【摘要】 近年来，肿瘤精准治疗及愈来愈深入的肿瘤机制研究对肿瘤研究模型提出了更高的要求。肿瘤类器官，一种来源于干细胞的体外3D肿瘤模型，因其对肿瘤体内形态结构及生物学特性的模拟，引起了广泛的关注。多项研究表明，与肿瘤细胞系、原代细胞等常用的肿瘤模型相比，肿瘤类器官直接来源于患者，更能体现患者特有的肿瘤体细胞突变和生物学特性。由于类器官能在短时间内实现体外大规模扩增，对肿瘤类器官进行高通量药物筛选可作为患者精准治疗的参考。此外，类器官能模拟体内肿瘤微环境，保留细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质的相互影响；同时类器官在体外可被基因编辑。类器官的这些特性使其成为适于在肿瘤精准治疗及基础研究中推广应用的体外肿瘤模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, precise treatment and much more advanced tumor mechanism research have higher demand for tumor models. Tumor organoids, stem cell originated three-dimensional in vitro tumor models. Due to its simulation of in vivo tumor structure and characteristic, tumor organoids attract extensive attention. Compared with previous tumor models such as tumor cell lines and primary cells, a number of studies have shown that the tumor organoids are directly derived from patients,which can retain the somatic mutations and biological characteristics. Thanks to its short time expansion in vitro, tumor organoids in high-throughput drug screening can be used as a reference for patients′ precise treatment. Besides, tumor organoids can mimic the internal tumor microenvironment, retain the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix. At the same time, tumor organoids are available for gene editing. These characteristics of organoids make them suitable for promoting application as an in vitro tumor model in tumor precision therapy and basic research.更多还原