【摘要】 增加个体速度或个体间挤压强度，个体通过瓶颈的流量反而明显降低，这就是著名的“欲速则不达”现象。本文利用分子动力学模拟研究了在不同速度场驱动下，自驱动力对活性粒子瓶颈堵塞特性的影响。随着粒子自驱动力的增加，活性粒子的整体流量反而减少。基于粒子的阻塞概率与互补累积分布函数的拟合幂律指数，解释了尽管自驱动力可有效增强粒子的运动能力，但同时也引起堵塞事件的增加，最终造成整体流量下降。活性粒子瓶颈流作为典型的复杂系统，可帮助学生理解个体最优化并不一定会使整体效率最优的物理思想，并且其对数据处理统计分析水平要求较高，这对本科生学术能力的训练和科学素养的培养很有帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the particle’s velocity or squeezing among particles is increased, the flow rate of discrete particles passing through the bottleneck is significantly reduced, which is called the “more haste, less speed” effect. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the effects of self-propelled force on the bottleneck clogging of active particles driven by different external velocity fields. With the increase of self-propelled force, the flow rate of active particles decreases. Based on the power-law exponent of complementary cumulative distribution function and clogging probability, it is explained that although the self-propelled force can effectively enhance the particle motility, it also causes the increase of the clogging probability, consequently leading to the decrease of the flow rate. On the pedagogical side, as a typical complex system, bottleneck flow of active particle can assist students in understanding the physical thought that optimal individual does not necessarily bring global optimum. Besides, it is beneficial to the development of academic ability and scientific literacy for undergraduates, by the rigorous training of data processing and statistical analysis.更多还原