【摘要】 牙槽骨是牙种植修复的重要解剖基础,其不同的缺损程度决定了不同骨增量手术方案的选择,其中牙槽骨缺损骨增量手术是种植修复中非常关键的技术,然而其最终质、量、形重建效果受到诸多因素的影响。为了提高治疗效果,达到美观与功能兼顾的重建目标,临床医师需要掌握诊疗原则与规范的操作方法。为此,本文结合当前国内专家的临床经验与国外的相关临床指南,从牙槽骨缺损分类、骨增量手术方案的选择方面,对牙槽骨缺损骨增量技术进行了总结,形成专家共识。本共识建议:根据牙槽骨缺损与预期种植体植入位点的关系将缺损分为Ⅰ-0、Ⅰ-Ⅰ、Ⅱ-0、Ⅱ-Ⅰ及Ⅱ-Ⅱ五种类型。其中Ⅰ-0型为牙槽骨一侧骨板缺损不超过预期种植体长度的50%,另一侧无明显缺损;首选引导骨再生同期种植体植入术。Ⅰ-Ⅰ型为牙槽骨两侧骨板缺损均未超过预期种植体长度的50%;首选块状自体骨移植术进行骨增量,延期种植或经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升同期种植体植入术。Ⅱ-0型为牙槽骨一侧骨板缺损超过预期种植体长度的50%,另一侧无明显缺损;首选块状自体骨移植术(厚度≤4 mm)或牙槽嵴劈开术(厚度> 4 mm)进行骨增量,延期种植。Ⅱ-Ⅰ型为牙槽骨两侧骨板缺损,一侧骨板缺损超过预期种植体长度的50%,另一侧骨板缺损不超过预期种植体长度的50%;首选块状自体骨移植术或自体皮质骨帐篷技术或经牙槽嵴顶/侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术进行骨增量,延期种植。Ⅱ-Ⅱ型为牙槽骨两侧骨板缺损且均超过预期种植体长度的50%,首选引导骨再生术联合使用刚性支架或侧壁开窗上颌窦底提升术或自体皮质骨帐篷技术,延期种植。本共识可为临床医生在牙槽骨缺损骨增量手术方案选择方面提供参考借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alveolar bone is an important anatomic basis for implant-supported denture restoration, and its different degrees of defects determine the choices of bone augmentation surgeries. Therefore, the reconstruction of alveolar bone defects is an important technology in the clinical practice of implant restoration. However, the final reconstructive effect of bone quality, bone quantity and bone morphology is affected by many factors. Clinicians need to master the standardized diagnosis and treatment principles and methods to improve the treatment effect and achieve the goal of both aesthetic and functional reconstruction of both jaws. Based on the current clinical experience of domestic experts and the relevant academic guidelines of foreign counterparts, this expert consensus systematically and comprehensively summarized the augmentation strategies of alveolar bone defects from two aspects: the classification of alveolar bone defects and the appropriate selection of bone augmentation surgeries. The following consensus are reached: alveolar bone defects can be divided into five types(Ⅰ-0, Ⅰ-Ⅰ, Ⅱ-0, Ⅱ-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅱ) according to the relationship between alveolar bone defects and the expected position of dental implants. A typeⅠ-0 bone defect is a bone defect on one side of the alveolar bone that does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length, and there is no obvious defect on the other side; guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant implantation is preferred. Type Ⅰ-Ⅰ bone defects refer to bone defects on both sides of alveolar bone those do not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; the first choice is autologous bone block onlay grafting for bone increments with staged implant placement or transcrestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-0 bone defects show that the bone defect on one side of alveolar bone exceeds 50% of the expected implant length, and there’s no obvious defect on the other side; autologous bone block onlay grafting(thickness ≤ 4 mm) or alveolar ridge splitting(thickness > 4 mm) is preferred for bone augmentation with staged implant placement. Type Ⅱ-Ⅰ bone defects indicate that the bone plate defect on one side exceeds 50% of the expected implant length and the bone defect on the other side does not exceed 50% of the expected implant length; autologous bone block onlay grafting or tenting techniques is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. Type Ⅱ-Ⅱ bone defects are bone plates on both sides of alveolar bone those exceed 50% of the expected implant length; guided bone regeneration with rigid mesh or maxillary sinus floor elevation or cortical autologous bone tenting is preferred for bone increments with staged implant implantation. This consensus will provide clinical physicians with appropriate augmentation strategies for alveolar bone defects.更多还原