【摘要】 为了提高黑岱沟露天矿煤层的块煤率，在多孔粒状铵油炸药中分别添加了珍珠岩、火山岩、陶粒滤料3种惰性物质，以调节炸药的密度和爆速。测试了惰性物质的吸油率、添加不同质量比的惰性物质后炸药的密度及爆速，并计算相应的波阻抗，从爆轰稳定性、吸油率、环保和成本4个方面分析了添加不同惰性物质的优缺点。结果表明，陶粒滤料是最佳添加物，最佳配比为(陶粒滤料∶多孔粒状硝酸铵∶柴油)40?54.5?5.5,此时爆速为1 631 m/s,波阻抗为1.58×10~6 kg/m~2·s,与煤台阶的波阻抗1.1×10~6 kg/m~2·s相匹配。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the lump coal rate of the coalseam in the Heidaigou open pit mine, three inert materials, like perlite, volcanic rock and ceramsite filter material were added to the porous granular ANFO explosive to adjust the density and detonation speed of the explosive. The oil absorption rates of inert materials and the density and detonation speeds of explosives with different mass ratio were tested, and the corresponding wave impedances were calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of adding different inert materials were analyzed from four aspects of detonation stability, oil absorption rate, environmental protection and cost. The results show that ceramsite filter material is the best additive, and the best mass ratio of ceramsite filter material∶porous granular ammonium nitrate∶diesel oil is 40∶54.5∶5.5. At this time, the detonation velocity is 1 631 m/s and the wave impedance is 1.58×10⁶ kg/m²·s, which matches with the wave impedance of coal steps, 1.1×10⁶ kg/m²·s.更多还原