【摘要】 【目的】开展红萍还田替代不同数量化肥对后茬水稻生长和稻田土壤的影响研究，明确水生绿肥红萍对单季稻的化肥减施效应。【方法】试验设计了3个减肥水平（氮钾肥减20%、40%、60%），比较了30 t·hm^-2红萍还田替代不同数量氮钾化肥对后茬水稻的产量、生物学性状及土壤肥力的影响。【结果】与常规（配方）施肥处理相比，每公顷翻压30 t鲜红萍、减施氮钾化肥20%的处理，水稻的株高、有效分蘖数和丛穗数明显提高，产量增加11.11%，并达到显著性水平（P<0.05）。红萍还田处理的土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾较未还田处理均有不同程度的提高。常规施肥处理下，红萍还田显著增加了土壤有机质（P<0.05）。减60%氮钾肥并辅以红萍还田处理（T6）的速效钾含量与常规施肥处理的差异达显著性水平（P<0.05）。【结论】每公顷翻压30 t新鲜红萍可以替代常规施肥中20%的氮钾肥，还能显著增加稻谷产量11.11%，并达到培肥地力的作用，是实现单季稻减肥增效的有效措施。本研究可为红萍在单季稻中的绿肥利用提供数据支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Effects of application of aquatic green manure Azolla on fertilizer use reduction and productivity improvement for single-cropping rice farming were studied. 【Method】 An experimentation using Azolla at a rate of 30 t·hm^-2 to replace 20%, 40%, and 60% N and K fertilizers was conducted. The resulting grain yield, plant biological characteristics,and soil fertility were monitored. 【Results】 In comparison to the conventional fertilization, the application of Azolla to achieve 20% reduction on the use of N and K fertilizers rendered significant increases on plant height, effective tillers count,and panicles per plant with an 11.11% rise on the crop yield（P<0.05）. The pH, organic matters, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P, and readily available K of the treated soil were improved to varying extents. In general, plowing Azolla into the field significantly increased organic matters in the soil（P<0.05）. The treatment to reduce 60% use of conventional chemical fertilizers with Azolla（T6） made a significantly difference on the readily available K in soil（P< 0.05）. 【 Conclusion】 Application of Azolla at a rate of 30 t·hm^-2 to replace 20% of N and K for fertilization could significantly upgrade the soil fertility and increase the grain yield by 11.11%. It was considered an effective means not only to conserve fertilizer with green manure but also benefit the production of single-cropping rice farming.更多还原