【摘要】 为了避免畜禽粪便土地消纳不当导致的地下水污染，在北京气候条件下，文章采用田间试验，以草坪表施化肥200 kg/（hm²·a）（以N计，下同）对照，研究了地下渗滤系统沼液中氮量420 kg/（hm²·a）和600 kg/（hm²·a）时，系统对氮（总氮、氨氮、硝氮）的去除效果及环境风险，进而对草坪-土壤地下渗滤系统（SWIS）消纳沼液的氮素承载力进行了评估。结果表明：地下渗滤系统土壤渗滤液TN、NO₃^--N浓度随着施氮量的增加而升高，且各处理差异显著。各处理渗滤液NH₄⁺-N浓度都很低，不存在环境风险。SWIS沼液不同施氮量处理NH₄⁺-N浓度无显著差异，均显著高于化肥对照。在草坪-土壤系统下，以国际饮用水限值NO₃^--N浓度10 mg/L为评价标准，若要求逐次渗滤液NO₃^--N平均浓度达标，SWIS消纳沼液的氮素承载力大于600 kg/（hm²·a）；若考虑到系统的空间差异，更加严格地降低污染风险，SWIS消纳沼液的氮素承载力大于420 kg/（hm²·a），小于600 kg/（hm²·a）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land treatment, such as the subsurface infiltration system（SWIS）, of livestock manure may cause groundwater pollution. In this study, field-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the nitrogen carrying capacity of a turf-soil system, i.e. a kind of SWIS, under the climate condition of Beijing City. The experiments referred to biogas slurry applied into testing patches of the SWIS by using drip irrigation technique, with the annual applied nitrogen of 420 kg/（hm²·a）（T420） and600 kg/（hm²·a）（T600）, respectively, and meanwhile chemical fertilizer 200 kg/（hm²·a）（T200） was applied to a patch（as a control） over the the turf surface（without drip irrigation） merely. The concentrations of TN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in the turfsoil leachates were determined and the relevant environmental risks were analyzed. The findings of the experiments suggested that TN and NO₃^--N concentrations of the turf-soil leachates rose with the increase of the dosage of applied nitrogen,the turf-soil system in different cases（T420 and T600） was operated in an adequate state, and NO₃^--N concentrations of the leachates were very low without environmental risks; NH₄⁺-N concentrations of the leachates in different cases（T420 and T600） were of few differences, but were significantly higher than that of T200（0.260±0.037） mg/L. In case that NO3--N concentration in average of each testing in the turf-soil system was required to meet this criterion, namely the WHO’s drinking water standard（≤10 mg/L）, the environmental carrying capacity of nitrogen in the turf-soil of SWIS ought to be higher than 600 kg/（hm²·a）. On other hand, if the spatial differences of the treatment system was taken into consideration, and environmental risks must be strictly controlled, the environmental carrying capacity of nitrogen of the SWIS has to be within a range of 420 kg/（hm²·a） to 600 kg/（hm²·a）.更多还原