【摘要】 通过在水系锌离子电解液中分散气相二氧化硅，设计了一类凝胶态锌离子电解质，在锌电极界面为锌离子沉积提供了均匀的成核位点，有效抑制锌枝晶形成，同时降低锌离子沉积的成核过电势，提高锌电池倍率性能。测试表明制备的凝胶态电解质的电导率为25.31 mS/cm，采用凝胶电解质组装成的锌对称电池在2 mA/cm~2电流密度以及2mAh/cm~2面积比容量的条件下，循环100 h未发生短路现象；以金属钛为对电极的半电池库仑效率可达98.25%。进一步基于该电解质，采用锰酸锂为正极、锌为负极组装的全电池，在50 C高倍率下保持52.4 mAh/g的比容量(基于锰酸锂活性材料，1 C=140 mA/g)，在10 C下，1 000次循环后容量保持率为43.6%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This work developed a hydrogel Zn²⁺electrolyte by dispersing SiO₂fumed silica through aqueous Zn²⁺electrolyte. As expected, the formation of dendrite at the interface of Zn electrode could be highly restrained due to homogeneous nucleation sites for Zn²⁺deposition. The rate capability of Zn cell could be improved because of the reduce on the nucleation overpotential for Zn²⁺deposition. The conductivity of the hydrogel electrolyte is 25.31 mS/cm,and the Zn/Zn symmetric cells with the hydrogel electrolyte can keep stable for 100 h under current density of2 mA/cm²and areal specific capacity of 2 mAh/cm². The Zn/Ti half-cell possesses a high coulombic efficiency of98.25%. The full cell based on LiMn₂O₄cathode and Zn possesses a high specific capacity of 52.4 mAh/g at a high rate of 50 C. The capacity retention of the cell after 1 000 cycles at a rate of 10 C is still 43.6%.更多还原