【摘要】 芥菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育(CMS)系WJS01A是一种稳定不育系,其败育彻底,不受环境条件的影响。该研究从形态、细胞特征、遗传和分子生物学等方面对WJS01A进行鉴定,以揭示其败育机制,为该不育系在油菜育种中的应用提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)不育系WJS01A的花序结构与正常芥菜型油菜差异不大,但在花蕾饱满度、花朵张开度及花瓣长度和宽度方面略低于正常的芥菜型油菜;它的雌蕊发育正常,但花药、花丝缩短,致使雄蕊高度显著低于柱头,花药白化无花粉产生。(2)将WJS01A衍生的甘蓝型油菜背景不育系WNJ01A以及Polima (Pol)、Ogura (Ogu)和Kosena (Kos)不育系分别与其恢复系或保持系测交,结果显示来源于WJS01A的不育类型与Pol、Ogu和Kos等材料的恢保关系明显不同,仅Hui01可以恢复WNJ01A的育性。(3)不育系WJS01A属于无花粉囊型不育,败育时期为花药原基到孢原细胞时期。(4)线粒体不育基因多重PCR可以明显区分WJS01A、WNJ01A与Pol、Ogu、Kos,但是目前的引物组合不能区分WJS01A与正常的芥菜型油菜。(5)线粒体基因组的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析表明,在所检测的8个探针/酶组合中均可以将不育系WJS01A与其他4种细胞质雄性不育系区分开,说明WJS01A是一种显著不同于Pol、Ogu和Kos等的细胞质雄性不育类型。WJS01A的利用可以丰富和拓宽当前油菜杂种优势利用的遗传基础,为缓解当前油菜杂种优势利用中不育胞质单一性问题提供新的种质。更多还原

【Abstract】 WJS01 A is a stable cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) line originated from Brassica juncea(B. juncea) with complete pollen abortion that is rarely affected by environmental conditions. The present study identified WJS01 A based on its morphological, cytological, genetical and molecular biological characteristics to reveal its mechanism of pollen abortion and provide a theoretical basis for its application in rapeseed breeding. The results are as follows:(1) the inflorescence structures of WJS01 A are similar to those of normal B. juncea. However, its flower bud size, flower opening angles and petal size are slightly smaller than those of B. juncea. The anthers and filaments of WJS01 A are shorter than those of normal B. juncea, thus its stamen heights are dramatically less than the stigma. Meanwhile, its anthers are albino without producing pollens;(2) Through testing the restorer and maintainer relationship of sterile line WNJ01 A in Brassica napus(B. napus) derived from WJS01 A, Polima(Pol), Ogura(Ogu) and Kosena(Kos) CMS types, the results showed that that of WNJ01 A is significantly different from those of Pol, Ogu and Kos. Only Hui01 could restore the fertility of WNJ01 A;(3) WJS01 A is a non-pollen sac-type sterile line, and its pollen abortions occurred from the anther primordial stage to the archesporial cell stage;(4) Multiplex PCR analysis of mitochondrial sterility genes showed that WJS01 A and WNJ01 A could be clearly distinguished from Pol, Ogu and Kos. But the current primers cannot distinguish WJS01 A from normal B. juncea;(5) Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial genome indicated that all of the eight probe/enzyme combinations could distinguish WJS01 A from the other four sterile lines. It revealed that WJS01 A is a CMS type significantly different from Pol, Ogu and Kos. Exploiting WJS01 A will broaden the current genetic basis of heterosis utilization in B. napus. Furthermore, it will provide new germplasm to solve the current issue of cytoplasmic simplification in heterosis utilization in B. napus.更多还原