【摘要】 为了研究引雷至配电线路雷电流波形特征，开展了国内首次10 kV配电线路火箭引雷试验，成功触发26次闪电，其中包含回击闪电20次，总回击数120次，每次闪电平均包含6次回击，一次雷击过程回击次数最多高达13次。一次典型雷电流波形可分为3个阶段：初始阶段(IS)、回击(RS)和M分量。IS的平均电流、转移电荷、持续时间的几何平均值分别是56.2 A、15.0 C、267.1 ms; RS的峰值电流、10%～90%上升时间、1 ms转移电荷、回击间隔时间的几何平均值分别是16.4 kA、0.6μs、1.1 C、41.9 ms; M分量的峰值电流、10%～90%上升时间、转移电荷的几何平均值分别是0.4 kA、119.8μs、0.08 C。IS转移的电荷远大于单个RS转移的电荷，甚至大于IS后续所有回击转移电荷之和。每次回击平均包含1.5个M分量，一次闪电事件中M分量转移的电荷约为回击转移电荷的11%。雷电流波形数据对电力系统尤其是配电系统的雷电防护设计有帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the characteristics of current waveforms from lightning striking to distribution line, the first domestic rocket-triggered lightning test on 10 kV distribution line was carried out, and the test successfully triggered 26 flashes, including 20 flashes with return strokes(RSs), with a total number of 120 RSs, each flash containing an average of 6 RSs, and the maximum number of RSs of one lightning flash was up to 13. A typical lightning current waveform can be divided into three stages: the initial stage(IS), the return stroke(RS), and the M-component. The geometric mean of average current, transfer charge and duration of IS are 56.2 A, 15.0 C, and 267.1 ms, respectively; the geometric mean of peak current, 10%-90% rise time, 1 ms transfer charge and interstroke interval of RS are 16.4 kA, 0.6 μs, 1.1 C, and 41.9 ms, respectively; the geometric mean of peak current, 10%-90% rise time, and transfer charge of M-component are 0.4 kA, 119.8 μs, and 0.08 C, respectively. The charge transferred by a IS was much larger than that transferred by a single RS, and even larger than the sum of the transfer charge of all RSs after IS. Each RS contains an average of 1.5 M-components, and the charge transferred by the M-components in a lightning flash is about 11% of the charge transferred by the RSs. The lightning current waveform data reported are useful for the lightning protection design in power systems, especially in power distribution systems.更多还原