【摘要】 为了研究不同卧床垫料对奶牛舒适度和健康状况的影响，将600头胎次相同、泌乳期相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组，每组150头，分别饲养于无卧床的混凝土地面、干牛粪、稻壳和发酵垫料卧床，观察其对奶牛舒适度、奶产量、乳品质与健康状况的影响。结果表明，不同卧床垫料均能显著提高奶牛躺卧率（P<0.05），发酵垫料组卧床的使用率显著高于干牛粪和稻壳垫料组（P<0.05），且发酵垫料中的霉菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌数量均显著低于干牛粪和稻壳垫料（P<0.05）；使用不同卧床垫料的牛舍氨气浓度显著降低（P<0.05），但等温指数（ETI）和空气相对湿度显著升高（P<0.05）；不同卧床垫料均能显著降低奶牛乳房炎和肢蹄病的发病率及乳汁中的体细胞数量（P<0.05），但对奶牛产奶量和乳品质无显著影响（P>0.05）。因此，不同卧床垫料均能显著提高奶牛舒适度，改善奶牛健康状况和动物福利，且发酵垫料的舒适度最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the rest bed with different mattress materials on comfortability and health of dairy cows,600 Chinese Holstein cows with similar lactation days and parity were randomly divided into four groups,each group of 150 head,reared in the cowsheds with concrete ground,rest bed with dry cow dung,rice hull and fermented 60% dry cow dung and 40% rice hull combination respectively. The comfortability,milk production, milk quality and health status of the dairy cows were subsequently observed. The results showed that the lying rate of the dairy cows reared on the rest bed with different mattress materials were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the utilization rate of the bed with fermented materials was significantly higher than that of dry cow manure and rice hull(P<0.05). Moreover,the content of mycetes,staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the fermented bedding materials were significantly lower than that of dry cow manure and rice hull(P<0.05).The ammonia concentration in the air of the cowshed was decreased significantly due to the use of rest bed(P<0.05). While,both of the equivalent temperature index(ETI)and the relative humidity increased significantly(P<0.05),which leading to negative influence on comfortability and performance of dairy cows. The incidence of mastitis and hoof disease and the number of somatic cells in milk of the dairy cows reared in cowshed with rest beds were significantly reduced(P<0.05),but no significant effect on milk yield and milk quality were observed(P>0.05). Therefore,the comfortability,health and welfare of dairy cows can be improved by use of rest bed,and the rest bed with fermented materials is more comfortable than that of other beding materials.更多还原