【摘要】 探究氮肥基追比对麦田温室气体排放、肥料利用率和小麦产量的影响，为我国华北平原区小麦生产中减排温室气体、提高氮肥利用效率提供理论基础。本研究选取轻壤质和砂壤质土壤进行小麦田间试验，分别设置5个N处理，即不施氮肥（N₀）、氮肥基追比3∶7(N_3:7)、氮肥基追比4∶6(N_4:6)、氮肥基追比5∶5(N_5:5)和氮肥基追比6∶4（N6:4），在小麦生长期间监测N₂O、CO₂和CH₄变化，并分析小麦产量和氮效率。结果表明：麦田土壤是N₂O和CO₂的排放源，CH₄的吸收汇。施肥和灌溉后N₂O和CO₂排放增加，CH₄吸收减少。2种质地上，N_3:7～N_6:4处理土壤CH₄累积排放量显著低于N₀处理。砂壤质土壤上，N_3:7处理的土壤N₂O、CO₂累积排放量及全球增温潜势均最低，分别较其他施氮处理降低0.83%～13.33%、4.33%～5.33%和4.23%～5.64%；小麦产量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力以N_3:7表现较优。轻壤质土壤上，N₂O、CO₂累积排放量及全球增温潜势均以N_4:6最低，较其他施氮处理分别减少2.10%～13.99%、1.34%～4.09%和1.36%～4.39%;N_4:6处理小麦产量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力高于其他施氮处理。成熟期轻壤质土壤上的小麦籽粒产量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力较砂壤质分别提高8.24%～14.01%、3.84%～24.58%和8.24%～13.98%。因此，砂壤质和轻壤质土壤上分别选择氮肥基追比3∶7和4∶6既能保证小麦稳高产，又能减少温室气体排放，对环境较为友好，且轻壤质土壤的小麦高产潜力大于砂壤质，两种质地土壤建议分类进行氮肥基追比管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 It will provide a theoretical basis for reducing greenhouse gas and improving N utilization efficiency in wheat production in North China Plain to investigate the effects of nitrogen（N） fertilizer based chasing rate on greenhouse gas emissions, fertilizer utilization rate and wheat yield in wheat fields. Field experiments were conducted in light and sandy loam soils in the present study. Five treatments with different N fertilization ratios were carried out as non-application of N fertilizer（N₀） and application of N fertilizer at a basal/topdressing ratio of 3∶7(N_3:7),4∶6(N_4:6), 5∶5(N_5:5) and 6∶4(N_6:4). The N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from soils were monitored during the wheat growth period. Grain yield and the N efficiency of wheat were analyzed as well. Results showed that the winter-wheat field was the sources of N₂O and CO₂, but the sink of CH₄. Emissions of N₂O and CO₂ increased and the uptake of CH₄ decreased after fertilization and irrigation. The cumulative emissions of CH₄ from both light and sandy loam soils in the N_3:7-N_6:4 treatments were significantly lower than that of the N₀ treatment. On sandy loam soil, the cumulative emission fluxes of N₂O and CO₂, as well as the global warming potential,were the lowest in N3:7 treatment. The grain yield, N agronomic efficiency and N partial productivity were highest in N_3:7 treatment. In the light loam soil, the cumulative emissions of N₂O, CO₂ and the global warming potential were the lowest in N_4:6 treatment compared with other N fertilization treatments. The grain yield, N agronomic efficiency and N partial productivity in N_4:6treatment were the highest. Moreover, the grain yield, N agronomic efficiency and N partial productivity at maturity stage of wheat in the light loam soil were 8.24%-14.01%, 3.84%-24.58% and 8.24%-13.98% higher than that in the sandy loam soil. Therefore, N fertilizers for sandy and light loam soils with a basal/topdressing ratio of 3∶7 and 4∶6 can assure high grain yield, while reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is environmentally friendly. Furthermore,the yield potential of wheat was higher in light loam soil than that in sandy loam soil, suggesting that different N management should be recommended according to soil texture.更多还原