【摘要】 合理布局建设医疗卫生服务设施，确保居民公平地获得基本医疗卫生服务，是实现健康普及和健康公平的第一步。以上海市五个新城为例，基于GIS平台使用两步移动搜寻法，分别评估不同交通方式情景下，五个新城范围内街（镇）、村（居）委的综合医院和社区卫生服务中心的空间可达性特征，并提出治理建议。研究结果显示：（1）15分钟步行距离情景下，可达性指数位于前20%的村（居）委共计99个，在五个新城均有分布，依次为嘉定新城（31个）、青浦新城（25个）、松江新城（23个）、南汇新城（18个）、奉贤新城（13个）；（2）与全市相比，五个新城医疗服务的空间可达性仍表现出明显不足；从街（镇）尺度来看，松江新城比其他新城空间可达性指数更高，南汇新城内部空间可达性差异较小；在15分钟综合医疗步行的情景下，嘉定新城、青浦新城、奉贤新城的空间可达性明显较优，但是五大新城中近60%的村（居）委综合医疗服务不可达；（3）建议通过加强区域联动、与道路协同规划等治理策略提高五个新城的医疗服务空间可达性。研究结果可为大城市新城区提高公共医疗服务公平性提供规划与治理对策启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rational layout and construction of healthcare service facilities to ensure residents’equitable access to certain healthcare services is the first step to achieve universal health coverage and health equity.Based on the GIS data using the two-step catchment area method,this paper evaluates the spatial accessibility of general hospitals and community health centers on the level of streets (towns)and villages (communities) in five new towns in Shanghai,analyzes different transportation mode scenarios,and provides governance recommendations.The results show that:(1) Under the scenario of 15-minute walking distance,there are 99 village and communities in the top 20%of the accessibility index,in order of Jiading New Town (31),Qingpu New Town (25),Songjiang New Town (23),Nanhui New Town (18),and Fengxian New Town (13);(2) Compared with the city of Shanghai as a whole,the spatial accessibility of healthcare services in the five new towns is still significantly inadequate;from the street (town) scale,Songjiang New Town obtains a higher spatial accessibility index than other four new towns,and the difference in spatial accessibility within Nanhui New Town is smaller than that within others;under the scenario of 15-minute walking distance,the spatial accessibility to general hospitals of Jiading New Town,Qingpu New Town and Fengxian New Town is significantly better,but more than residents in 60%of village and communities in three new towns are not accessible to any level of healthcare service;(3) It is proposed to improve the spatial accessibility of healthcare services in the five new towns by strengthening regional collaboration and coordination,financial investment and collaborative planning on roads and transportation.更多还原