【摘要】 量子点作为一种新兴的光电活性材料，因其特殊的光电效应和稳定性，既可以实现光能与电能的转化，提高检测的灵敏度，又能在外加电压0 V左右产生光电流，适合生物分子检测，为光电化学传感领域的发展带来了新的契机。然而，量子点在光电传感分析中的研究仍处于早期阶段，理论研究和实际应用上还有一些亟待解决的问题，如光电响应机理不够明确、电化学发光强度较低、光电流变化影响因素较多，需要大量系统而全面的研究揭示量子点光电转化的内在机制;另外，单一的量子点在受到光激发时产生的电子-空穴很容易发生复合，且光电转化效率较低。引入具有匹配能级的无机纳米材料或有机材料，提高量子点的光电性能和生物相容性，从而设计出一系列高灵敏度的光电化学传感器，目前已成为文献报道的焦点。基于此，本文在大量文献的基础上，深入阐述了量子点用于光电化学传感器的原理及优势，详细归纳了常用的量子点光电复合材料及其构建传感界面的方法，全面综述了量子点在金属离子、小分子化合物及生物分析等光电化学传感检测中的应用，并对其发展前景进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quantum dots are a newly developed class of photoelectric active materials. Due to unique photoelectric effect and stability,quantum dots can not only realize the conversion of light energy into electric energy,which improve the sensitivity of electrochemical detection,but also generate photocurrent at the applied voltage of about 0 V,which achieves the friendly voltage for biomolecule detection. On these grounds,quantum dots provide a new opportunity for the development of photoelectrochemical sensors.However,the research of quantum dots in photoelectric sensing analysis is just in its early stage. There are still some problems to be solved in theoretical research and practical application,such as unclear photoelectric response mechanism,low intensity of electrochemiluminescence and many influencing factors of photocurrent change. A large number of systematic and comprehensive studies are needed to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of quantum dot-based photoelectric conversion. In addition,electron-hole recombination is easy to occur when simple quantum dots are excited by light,and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not high. To improve the photoelectric property and biocompatibility of quantum dots by introducing inorganic nanomaterials or organic materials with matching energy levels,designing a range of sensitive photoelectrochemical sensors have become the focus of current reports in the literature.Therefore,based on extensive literature review,the principles and advantages of quantum dots used in photoelectrochemical sensors are described in detail in this paper. The commonly used photoelectric composite materials of quantum dots and the methods of constructing sensing interfaces are summarized. The applications of quantum dots in photoelectrochemical sensing detection of metal ions,small molecule compounds and biological analysis are comprehensively reviewed. Finally,current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed to promote new developing directions.更多还原