【摘要】 随着世界工业化和城市化水平的提高，人类可直接利用的淡水资源日益减少，对淡水资源的需求急剧增加，淡水的制备和净化技术愈发重要。太阳能海水淡化技术可将无穷无尽的太阳能转变成热量，加热蒸发海水使其变成蒸汽，蒸汽冷凝制得淡水，是一种具备广阔前景的解决淡水短缺问题的技术。然而，太阳能海水淡化一直受到太阳能吸收材料成本高、效率低的限制。本工作设计并制备一种新型复合水凝胶，该复合水凝胶由太阳光吸收体(碳材料)和天然高分子(甲壳素)组成，增加太阳光利用，提高海水淡化效率，最高可达75%。在1 kW/m~2太阳光照下，其蒸发速率超过1.5 kg/(m~2·h),蒸汽效率最高为98.34%。而且该复合水凝胶具有成本低、结构多孔、制造工艺简单、可回收性强、机械稳定性好等优点。因此，碳材料/甲壳素复合水凝胶作为太阳光吸收体具有将光能转化为热能的潜力，为海水淡化开辟了新的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of the world’s industrialization and urbanization, the freshwater resources that can be directly used by human beings are declining, and the demand for freshwater resources is increasing sharply. Freshwater preparation and purification technologies become more and more critical. Solar seawater desalination technology converts endless solar energy into heat, helping heat the evaporated seawater into steam, and finally the steam was condensed to produce fresh water; it is a promising technology to solve the problem of fresh water shortage. However, solar seawater desalination has always been restricted by high cost and low efficiency of solar absorbing materials. In this work, a new type of composite hydrogel was designed and prepared. The composite hydrogel was composed of sunlight absorber(carbon material) and natural polymer(chitin), which increased sunlight utilization and improved seawater desalination efficiency up to 75%. Under 1 kW/m~2 sunlight, the evaporation rate exceeded 1.5 kg/(m~2·h), and the highest steam efficiency is 98.34%. Moreover, the composite hydrogel showed the advantages of low cost, porous structure, simple manufacturing process, strong recyclability and excellent mechanical stability. Therefore, the carbon material/chitin composite hydrogel as a solar light absorber has the potential to convert light into heat energy, opening up a new way for seawater desalination.更多还原