【摘要】 标准电磁振子天线通常用于校准各种类型的空口(OTA) 测试系统，其辐射特性通常被设计成与电偶极子和磁偶极子相似。标准电振子天线是垂直极化的全向天线；标准磁振子天线是水平极化全向天线，其辐射电磁场类似于理想的磁偶极子。介绍了标准电磁振子天线的概念，并基于国内外的研究成果，综述了标准电磁振子天线的最新设计技术，提出了设计标准电振子天线和标准磁振子天线的难点和解决方案。设计标准电磁振子天线需要考虑增益纹波、共模电流、交叉极化、阻抗匹配以及辐射方向图等综合指标，并找到它们之间的最佳平衡点。最后，配合实际案例，讨论了提高标准天线带宽、全向辐射的性能以及抑制共模电流的新技术，旨在为标准电磁振子天线的设计提供新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The standard dipole and loop antennas are commonly used for calibration of OTA measurement systems in various test applications.Their properties are optimized to resemble those of the electric and magnetic dipoles.The standard electric dipole is a vertically polarized omnidirectional dipole antenna.The standard magnetic dipole antenna is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional probe antenna,with its radiated electromagnetic field being like that of an ideal virtual magnetic dipole.In this paper,the concept of the standard dipole and loop antennas are introduced,and the recent advances of standard dipole and loop antennas designs are reviewed.The design of a standard dipole or loop antenna is a challenging task,which need to take into account comprehensive indicators such as gain ripple,common mode current,cross polarization,impedance matching as well as radiation pattern,and to find the best trade-off among them.Finally,the new techniques to improve the bandwidth,the performance of omnidirectional radiation and the effects of suppressing common-mode current are discussed based on the practical cases,which provides new ideas for the design of standard antennas.更多还原