【摘要】 基于宿县闸站2002—2010年每年2月下旬至10月下旬的水面蒸发观测值，通过彭曼公式和气压、气温、风速、湿度和日照等气象资料计算水面蒸发量，以计算和观测的旬水面蒸发量误差最小化为目标函数，采用遗传算法率定Penman公式中的参数。结果表明，计算和观测的旬水面蒸发量平均误差小于3 mm,在缺乏观测的水面蒸发量或其时间尺度较长时，可以用计算值代替观测值；计算的宿县闸站1953—2020年的平均年水面蒸发量为869.9 mm, 4—9月水面蒸发量达615.1 mm,占年蒸发量的71%;1978和2003年水面蒸发量计算值为最大和最小值，分别为699.2和1 040.1 mm;计算的年水面蒸发量随时间呈下降趋势，下降速率约为17.0 mm/10 a。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Penman equation was employed to calculate water surface evaporation based on the daily mean air pressure, air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine time. The parameters in the Penman equation was calibrated according to the observed and calculated dekad water surface evaporation based on genetic algorithm method with minimizing the error between them as the objective function. The observed dekad water surface evaporation from the late February to the late October during 2002-2010 in Suxian station was used to calibrate the parameters in the Penman equation. The results showed that the mean absolute error between observed and calculated dekad water surface evaporation was less than 3 mm, indicating that calculated daily water surface evaporation could be used in the hydrological model when there was no observed daily value. The calculated mean annual water surface evaporation in Suxian station was 869.9 mm during 1953-2020. The mean amount from April to September was 615.1 mm, accounting for 71% of the annual value. The calculated annual water surface evaporation in 1978 and 2003 were 699.2 mm and 1 040.1 mm, which were the minimum and maximum value during 1953-2020 in Suxian station. The annual evaporation shows a decreasing trend with 17.0 mm/10 a in Suxian station during 1953-2020.更多还原