【摘要】 在大蒜主产区金乡连续种植大蒜20年以上的土地上，采用田间小区试验法，设置常规施肥CF、优化施肥OF、T15（15%N有机肥替代化肥）、T30（30%N有机肥替代化肥）、T40（40%N有机肥替代化肥）、T50（50%N有机肥替代化肥）6个处理，研究优化施肥以及优化施肥基础上有机肥部分替代化肥对连作大蒜产量、品质及养分吸收分配的影响，探索有机肥N素部分代替化肥的适宜比例。结果表明，OF与CF的蒜薹和鳞茎产量均相差无几。在供肥量相同条件下，T15、T30的鳞茎产量最高，均为15 030 kg/hm²,比OF增产1.4%,T40和T50的鳞茎产量比OF减产6.9%和15.9%;T15、T30、T40、T50的蒜薹产量比OF分别降低6.0%、6.5%、10.2%、18.0%,差异均未达显著水平。不同处理对蒜薹品质的影响：OF和T30的VC含量比CF及其他处理显著降低；可溶性糖含量T15、T40、T50均比CF显著增加；可溶性蛋白含量除T30比OF、T40显著增加外其他处理间无明显差异；硝酸盐含量T15、T40和T50比CF显著降低。OF、T30和T40的大蒜鳞茎VC含量比CF显著降低，各有机替代处理的可溶性糖含量均显著降低，T30、T40、T50的可溶性蛋白显著降低，硝酸盐含量OF、T15、T30比CF均降低,但差异不显著，T40、T50分别比CF增加8.2%和9.3%,差异也不显著。大蒜植株对氮、磷和钾的吸收、分配规律相似：均以鳞茎最高，假茎叶次之，根中最少。与OF相比，T50处理显著降低了大蒜鳞茎对氮、钾的吸收。因此在连作大蒜生产实践中，调整化肥养分比例，减少N、P₂O₅、K₂O的养分用量，以15%～30%N有机肥替代化肥的技术措施是切实可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jinxiang is the main garlic-producing area, which has grown garlic for more than 20 years. The method of field plot test was adopted to study the effects of optimized fertilization and organic fertilizer substituting partially for chemical fertilizer on yield, quality and nutrient absorption and distribution of continuous cropping garlic. The appropriate proportion of substituting organic nitrogen for chemical nitrogen was also studied. Six treatments were set as CF（conventional fertilization）; OF（optimized fertilization）; T15（15% N organic fertilizer as substitute for chemical fertilizer）, T30（30% N organic fertilizer as substitute for chemical fertilizer）, T40（40% N organic fertilizer as substitute for chemical fertilizer）, T50（50% N organic fertilizer as substitute for chemical fertilizer）. The results showed that the yields of garlic bolt and bulb were almost the same between treatment OF and CF. Under the same fertilizer amount, the bulb yield of T15 and T30 treatments were the highest as 15 030 kg/hm², and increased by 1.4% compared with OF; T40 and T50 decreased the bulb yield by 6.9% and 15.9% compared with OF, respectively. The garlic bolt yield of T15, T30, T40 and T50 decreased by 6.0%, 6.5%,10.2% and 18.0%, respectively, with no significant difference. Effects of different treatments on garlic bolt quality: compared with CF and other treatments, vitamin C content of OF and T30 decreased significantly; soluble sugar content of T15, T40 and T50 increased significantly compared with CF. There was no significant difference in soluble protein content between treatments except that T30 was significantly higher compared with OF and T40; the nitrate contents of T15, T40 and T50 decreased significantly compared with CF. The vitamin C contents in garlic bulbs of OF, T30 and T40 were significantly lower than that of CF; the soluble sugar content of each organic substitution treatment decreased significantly; the soluble protein content of T30, T40 and T50 decreased significantly; and the nitrate content of OF, T15 and T30 were significantly lower than that of CF with no significant difference, while that of T40 and T50 increased by 8.2% and 9.3%, respectively. But there was no significant difference in the contents of nitrate. The absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by garlic plants were similar: garlic bulb was the highest, followed by pseudo stems and leaves, and root was the least. Compared with OF, T50 treatment significantly reduced the absorption of nitrogen and potassium by garlic bulbs. Therefore, it would be feasible practically to adjust the nutrient proportion of chemical fertilizer, reduce the amount of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O, and replace chemical fertilizer with 15%～30% organic nitrogen in the production of continuous cropping garlic.更多还原