【摘要】 为探索长期集约经营笋用绿竹林养分需求特征，有针对性地实施养分精准管理，提高肥料利用率的同时增加竹笋产量，选取长期集约经营笋用绿竹林为研究对象，通过“3414”施肥试验，逐次统计不同处理竹笋数量、产量、最大笋个体重和最大笋体直径等指标。结果表明，施肥能够明显增加竹笋数量和产量，其中处理N₂P₂K₁年竹笋数量和年产量均最高，分别为53.1×10³个·hm^-2和17.9 t·hm^-2,较不施肥处理分别增加92.8%和106.9%,较传统施肥处理分别增加31.1%和28.8%。竹笋产量与施肥量回归分析结果表明，当N、P₂O₅、K₂O施肥量分别为306.91 kg·hm^-2、0 kg·hm^-2和355.14 kg·hm^-2时竹笋产量最高，为15 795.72 kg·hm^-2。由此可见，长期集约经营绿竹林重施氮、磷的传统栽培习惯造成土壤富磷、贫钾的特点，短期内增施钾肥、减施磷肥是长期集约经营绿竹林笋产量进一步提高的必要措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dendrocalamopsis oldhami is a superior shoot-oriented bamboo species. This study aimed to unravel the characteristics of nutrient demand of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami forest under long-term intensive management in order to implement targeted precise nutrient management, increase the efficiency of fertilization and improve the overall production of bamboo shoots. "3414" fertilization scheme was applied to the selected Dendrocalamopsis oldhami forest under long-term intensive management, and relevant data were collected and analyzed under various treatments, including the number of shoots, the yield of shoots, maximum single weight and maximum shoot diameter. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the number and the yield of shoots. Those under N₂P₂K₁ treatment boasted the largest number and yield yearly, which were 53.1×10³ hm^-2 and 17.9 t·hm^-2,respectively, an increase of 92.8% and 106.9% compared to those under non-fertilization treatment, or an increase of 31.1% and 28.8% compared to those under conventional fertilization treatment. A regression analysis indicated that the highest yield of 15,795.72 kg·hm^-2 was achieved when the amounts of applied N, P₂O₅ and K₂O fertilizers were 306.91 kg·hm^-2,0 kg·hm^-2 and 355.14 kg·hm^-2,respectively. The conventional practice in bamboo forest applied excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, which resulted in soil rich in phosphorus and poor in potassium. In the short term, an increase in potassium fertilizer and a reduction in phosphorus one were essential to further enhancing the shoot yield of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami forest under long-term intensive management.更多还原