【摘要】 马克思以英格兰银行为例,深入地研究了中央银行在应对资本主义经济危机中的作用,其主要思想可以概括为三个方面。一是中央银行具有国家货币管理机构和信用枢纽的双重性质,这决定了中央银行有应对经济危机的内在职能。二是存在两种货币危机,即货币资本运动引发的"特种危机"和"任何危机的一个阶段"。针对"特种危机",中央银行的应对措施既可能是通过增加货币供给缓解危机,也可能引发货币囤积、信用停滞、金融恐慌,从而使危机形势进一步恶化。三是中央银行无法消除后一种危机,这是由资本主义生产方式一般规律决定的。马克思关于中央银行在应对经济危机中的作用的思想在当代依然具有生命力,对我们理解经济危机、制定相关政策具有重要启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx attached great importance to the research on the effects of the central bank in dealing with the capitalist economic crisis. Taking the Bank of England as an example,he discussed this issue systematically. The main ideas can be summarized in three aspects. Firstly,the central bank has the dual nature of both a national currency management institution and a credit hub,which determines the central bank’s inherent requirements of dealing with economic crisis. Secondly,the central bank’s influence in dealing with currency crisis is also dual. The central bank’s response measures may ease the crisis by increasing money supply;whereas,they may also cause currency hoarding,credit stagnation and financial panic,thereby further worsening the crisis. Thirdly,the central bank cannot eliminate the root of the general crisis,that is,overproduction. This is determined by the general law of the capitalist mode of production. Marx’s insights on the effects of the central bank in dealing with economic crisis still burst with vitality in the contemporary capitalist economy,and have great enlightenment for us to understand economic crisis and formulate relevant policies.更多还原