【摘要】 目的比较不同季节糖电解质饮料对健康男性运动后体液恢复的影响效果,探讨季节适应性对机体水和电解质平衡及其调节的影响。方法采用随机交叉对照设计,15名健康青年男性[年龄（24.4±0.5岁）]分别在冬夏两季以65%VO₂max的中等强度完成循环间歇运动（运动20 min,休息10 min）诱导脱水2%体质量。后100%补充丢失体质量体积的白开水（饮水组）和糖电解质饮料（饮料组）,观察补液后180 min的体液恢复状况。结果夏季脱水2%体质量所需时间较冬季明显降低20min（t=3.045,P=0.004）。夏季饮料组在补液后120 min液体保留率显著高于饮水组[（83.7±2.8）%比（73.7±3.7）%;F=5.312,P=0.028],180 min时也明显高于饮水组[（74.8±3.6）%比（66.1±4.3）%;F=4.340,P=0.046];冬季饮料组在补液后180 min液体保留率显著高于饮水组[（74.9%±4.7）%比（68.0±6.0）%;F=4.128,P=0.048]。饮料组在补液后10～180 min的夏季血糖和血清钠离子水平的变化均显著高于冬季（P均<0.05）;在补液后120、180 min,夏季滤过钠排泄分数均显著高于冬季(F₁₂₀=4.972,P=0.034;F₁₈₀=8.425,P=0.007),但血浆渗透压变化差异均无统计学意义（各时间点P均>0.05）。结论季节适应对机体的水合状况及其调节因素存在影响,夏季运动脱水速度较冬季快,冬季水合状态相对稳定。在运动后补充糖电解质饮料,夏季机体对血糖和电解质的调节较冬季迅速灵敏,且渗透压和主观感受恢复快。在180 min的恢复期内,糖电解质饮料液在冬夏两季的体保留效率无显著差异,但在夏季的短期恢复效果更有优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on post-exercise rehydration of healthy young men in different seasons, and to explore the influence of seasonal adaptability on fluid and electrolyte balance.Methods Fifteen healthy men, aged（24.4±0.5）years, completed 2 trails in a random crossover design both in summer and winter.During recovery, they consumed a drink volume equivalent to 100% of their sweat loss with plain boiled water（the water group）or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage（the beverage group）.Recovery was monitored for further 180 minutes by the collection of blood and urine samples.Results The dehydration time in summer was significantly shorter by about 20 minutes than that in winter（t=3.045,P=0.004）.In summer, the fluid retention rate of the beverage group was significantly higher than that of the water group at 120 minutes after rehydration [（83.7±2.8）% vs.（73.7±3.7）%,F=5.312,P=0.028],and significantly higher than the water group at 180 minutes [（74.8±3.6）% vs.（66.1±4.3）%,F=4.340,P=0.046].In winter, the fluid retention rate of the beverage group at 180 minutes after rehydration was significantly higher than that of the water group [（74.9±4.7）% vs.（68.0±6.0）%,F=4.128,P=0.048].There was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage at 180 minutes after rehydration.In the beverage group, the changes of blood glucose and serum sodium levels（all P<0.05）in summer were significantly higher than those in winter at 10-180 minutes after rehydration, and the fractional excretion of sodium in summer was significantly higher in summer than in winter at 120 and 180 minutes after rehydration(F₁₂₀=4.972,P=0.034;F₁₈₀=8.425,P=0.007);however, there was no significant difference in plasma osmolality（all P> 0.05）.For the water group, the plasma osmolality in winter was lower than that in summer, while the degree of dryness and thirst was higher in winter than in summer.Conclusions Seasonal adaptability influenced the hydration status and its regulating factors.People dehydrated faster after exercise in summer than in winter, and the hydration status was relatively stable in winter.However, in summer, the blood glucose and electrolytes responded more rapidly to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage supply, and the plasma osmolality and subjective perception recovered faster.Therefore, during the 180-minute recovery period, the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage had a higher rehydration efficiency in a short recovery time in summer although there was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention rate.更多还原