【摘要】 [目的]研究氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对寒地粳稻功能叶片、茎鞘及籽粒可溶性糖积累和转运的影响,揭示其与气候资源利用和产量的关系。[方法]大田试验采用"3414"施肥方案,供试寒地粳稻品种为东农427。在水稻分蘖至成熟的5个主要生育期,取样测定了功能叶片、茎鞘和籽粒中的可溶性糖含量,计算功能叶片、茎鞘和籽粒可溶性糖积累转运量,以及水稻对气候资源的利用效率。[结果]氮、磷、钾肥配施显著影响寒地粳稻产量,以N2P2K2处理最高。与N0P0K0处理相比,各施肥处理地上部各器官可溶性糖积累量和运转量均显著升高。花前功能叶片可溶性糖最高积累量出现在N3P2K2处理,花后出现在N2P2K2处理。茎鞘和籽粒可溶性糖积累量在各生育时期均以N2P2K2处理最高。功能叶片和茎鞘花后可溶性糖转运量均以N2P2K2处理最高。N2P2K2、N3P2K2处理生育期最长。各施肥处理光合有效辐射量(PAR)、辐射利用率(RUE)和积温生产效率(TPE)均高于N0P0K0处理,以N2P2K2处理最高。由相关分析可知,各生育时期各器官可溶性糖积累量与PAR、RUE和TPE呈极显著正相关。分蘖期和孕穗期功能叶片可溶性糖积累量对PAR、RUE和TPE的影响大于茎鞘。齐穗期、灌浆期和成熟期茎鞘可溶性糖积累量对PAR、RUE和TPE的影响大于功能叶片。成熟期籽粒可溶性糖积累量对PAR、RUE和TPE的影响大于齐穗期和灌浆期。花后茎鞘可溶性糖转运量对PAR、RUE和TPE影响大于功能叶片。[结论]寒地粳稻各生育时期各器官可溶性糖积累量与光合有效辐射量(PAR)、辐射利用率(RUE)和积温生产效率(TPE)呈极显著正相关。其中,花前功能叶片可溶性糖积累量对PAR、RUE和TPE的影响大于茎鞘,花后茎鞘可溶性糖积累量和转运量对PAR、RUE和TPE的影响大于功能叶片。充足的氮磷钾肥供应促进了水稻群体对光、温资源的捕获,提高了光、温资源利用率。而且,合理的养分供给还延长了生育后期的天数和功能叶片、茎鞘可溶性糖向籽粒转运的时间,进而提高产量。在本试验中,氮磷钾配比为150-120-80 kg/hm~2(N2P2K2)时,寒地粳稻产量和花后功能叶片、茎鞘可溶性糖运转量均最高,并且通过延长灌浆期到成熟期的天数进而延长整个生育期,进一步提高了光、温资源的利用效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives] The effects of different ratios of N,P and K fertilizers on the accumulation and translocation of soluble sugar in functional leaves,stems,sheaths and grains of Japonica Rice in cold region were studied.[Methods] The "3414" fertilization scheme was used in the field experiment,and the test Japonica rice variety in the cold region was Dongnong 427.At five main growth stages from tillering to maturity,the accumulation of soluble sugar(ASS) in functional leaves,stem sheaths and grains of rice were measured,and relationships with climatic resources were determined.[Results] The rice yield was significantly affected by the combined application of N,P and K fertilizers,with the highest yield in N2 P2 K2 treatment.Compared with N0 P0 K0,the ASS in aboveground organs of all fertilization treatments were significantly enhanced,with the highest ASS of functional leaves in N3 P2 K2 treatment before anthesis and in N2 P2 K2 after anthesis.The ASS in stem sheath and grain were the highest in N2 P2 K2 treatment at all the five growth stages.The highest transport of soluble sugar in functional leaves and stem sheath was N2 P2 K2 treatment after anthesis.N2 P2 K2 and N3 P2 K2 had the longest growth period.The photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),radiation utilization rate(RUE) and accumulated temperature production efficiency(TPE) of all fertilization treatments were higher than those of N0 P0 K0 treatment,with the highest values in N2 P2 K2 treatment.The ASS in different parts were significantly and positively correlated with PAR,RUE and TPE.The effect of ASS in functional leaves on PAR,RUE and TPE at tillering and booting stages was greater than those in stems and sheaths.The PAR,RUE and TPE were more affected by ASS in stem sheath at full heading stage,grain filling and mature stage than those in functional leaves.The effect of ASS on PAR,RUE and TPE in mature stage was greater than that in full heading and filling stage.The effect of soluble sugar transport from stem and sheath on PAR,RUE and TPE after anthesis was greater than that of functional leaves.[Conclusions] Sufficient supply of N,P and K is effective to form rice population that efficiently capture light and temperature resources during the whole growth period of Japonica rice in cold region,and the accumulation of soluble sugar in above ground organs of Japonica rice in cold region is significantly and positively correlated with PAR,RUE and TPE.Moreover,reasonable nutrient supply chold also prolonge the days of growth period,which give longer time for soluble sugar transport from functional leaves and stem sheath to grain.The ratio of N-P-K of 150-120-80 kg/hm~2(N2 P2 K2) in this experiment is most effective for the accumualtion and transportation of soluble sugar and use of light and tenperterture resorces throught growing stage of Japonica rice in cold region,so could achive the highest yield.更多还原