【摘要】 球茎腐烂病是严重影响藏红花球茎品质和柱头产量的病害。为鉴定引起藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌及筛选防治该病害的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、rDNA-ITS和TEF-1α序列分析,对青海省藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,引起藏红花球茎腐烂病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti,其中尖孢镰刀菌为优势病原菌。室内药剂试验表明70%甲基硫菌灵WP、 50%咯菌腈WP、 50%苯醚甲环唑SC和25%硅唑·咪鲜胺EW对两种镰刀菌均具有较好的抑制作用,EC₅₀在0.574 0～1.808 6 mg/L之间,64%噁霜·锰锌WP、 30%噁霉灵AS和45%石硫合剂WP对2种镰刀菌的抑菌作用较差,EC₅₀在2.134 4～7.915 3 mg/L之间。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治藏红花球茎腐烂病提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Saffron corm rot disease has a strong impact on the quality of saffron corm and the yield of stigma. For identifying the pathogenic fungi of saffron corm rot disease and screening the effective fungicides for controlling this disease, this study aimed at identifying the pathogen based on morphological characteristics, rDNA-ITS and TEF-1α sequence analysis. The inhibition effects of ten fungicides on the pathogens were also determined by using mycelial growth rate method in this study. The results showed that Fusarium oxysporum and F.equiseti caused saffron corm rot disease, and F.oxysporum was the dominant pathogen. Laboratory fungicide experiments demonstrated that thiophanate-methyl 70% WP, fludioxonil 50% WP, difenoconazole 50% SC and flusilazole·prochloraz 25% EW had a strong inhibition effect on F.oxysporum and F.equiseti, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.574 0-1.808 6 mg/L. The inhibition effect of oxadixyl·mancozeb 64% WP, hymexazol 30% AS and lime sulphur 45% WP was worse, with an EC₅₀ value of 2.134 4-7.915 3 mg/L. The results provide a scientific basis for using fungicides to control saffron corm rot disease in saffron production.更多还原