【摘要】 目的调查分析2019年3～12月莒县区域残疾人致盲和低视力的发病原因及年龄分布特点。方法选取2019年3～12月莒县6个乡镇鉴定为视力残疾的患者320例,对其临床资料进行整理,比较不同性别患者盲和低视力分布情况;分析视力致残病因;比较不同年龄段患者盲和低视力分布情况,不同致残病因患者的年龄分布情况。结果 320例视力残疾患者中,盲患者157例、低视力163例,盲与低视力的比例为1∶1.04。男女患者中盲和低视力占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。320例患者中,致残病因占比由高到低依次为糖尿病视网膜病变(21.6%)、先天性眼病(16.9%)、角膜病(10.6%)、眼外伤(9.7%)、高度近视(7.5%)、视网膜色素变性(7.5%)、青光眼(7.2%)和黄斑变性(5.6%)。导致低视力的首要病因为糖尿病视网膜病变(35.6%),其次为高度近视(10.4%)、黄斑变性(9.8%)和眼外伤(9.2%);而导致盲的首要病因为先天性眼病(26.1%),其次为角膜病(15.9%)、视网膜色素变性(11.5%)、眼外伤(10.2%)和青光眼(8.9%)。320例患者中,>60岁的老年人(195例, 60.9%)是出现盲和低视力残疾的主要群体;其次为41～60岁的中年群体(92例, 28.8%);21～40岁仅占9.1%(29/320);而3～20岁仅有4例(1.3%);随着年龄的增大,盲和低视力的例数明显增多。各年龄段的盲和低视力分布情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同致残病因患者的年龄分布情况比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病视网膜病变、先天性眼病、角膜病、眼外伤、高度近视、视网膜色素病变、青光眼患者中>60岁的占比分别为73.9%、38.9%、79.4%、51.6%、50.0%、62.5%和87.0%。而先天性眼病是3～20和21～40岁患者发生视力残疾的主要原因。结论糖尿病视网膜病变、先天性眼病、角膜病、眼外伤、高度近视、视网膜色素变性、青光眼和黄斑变性为莒县区视力残疾患者的主要视力致残原因,中老年人群是视力残疾的多发人群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate and analyze the etiology and age distribution characteristics of blindness and low vision among persons with disabilities in Juxian County during March ～ December 2019. Methods 320 patients with visual disability in 6 towns of Juxian County during March-December in 2019 were selected, and their clinical data were sorted out to compare the distribution of blindness and low vision in different genders, and analyze the etiology of visual impairment. The distribution of blindness and low vision in patients of different ages, and the age distribution of patients with different causes of disability were compared. Results Among the 320 visually disabled patients, 157 cases of blindness and 163 cases of low vision. The ratio of blindness to low-vision was 1∶1.04. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of blindness and low vision between male and female patients(P>0.05). Among the 320 patients, the etiology were diabetic retinopathy(21.6%), congenital ophthalmopathy(16.9%), keratopathy(10.6%), eye trauma(9.7%), high myopia(7.5%), retinitis pigmentosa(7.5%), glaucoma(7.2%) and macular degeneration(5.6%). The primary cause of low vision was diabetic retinopathy(35.6%), followed by high myopia(10.4%), macular degeneration(9.8%) and ocular trauma(9.2%). The primary cause of blindness was congenital eye disease(26.1%), followed by corneal disease(15.9%), retinitis pigmentosa(11.5%), ocular trauma(10.2%) and glaucoma(8.9%). Among the 320 patients, elderly patients >60 years old(195 cases, 60.9%) were the main group with blindness and low vision disability; followed by the middle-aged group of 41-60 years old(92 cases, 28.8%), 21-40 years old accounted for only 9.1%(29/320), and 3-20 years old accounted for only 1.3%(4/320). With the increase of age, the number of blindness and low vision increased significantly. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of blindness and low vision among different age groups(P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the age distribution of patients with different causes of disability(P<0.05). The proportion of diabetic retinopathy, congenital ophthalmopathy, keratopathy, eye trauma, high myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma patients> 60 years old accounted for 73.9%, 38.9%, 79.4%, 51.6%, 50.0%, 62.5%, respectively 87.0%. Congenital eye disease was the main cause of visual disability in patients aged 3-20 and 21-40 years old. Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy, congenital ophthalmopathy, keratopathy, eye trauma, high myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma and macular degeneration are the main causes of visual impairment in Juxian County, and the middle-aged and elderly people are the most common group of visual impairment.更多还原