【摘要】 乡村振兴的关键在于人才振兴。对2004—2020年中央"一号文件"的内容分析表明,中央政府对农村人力资本投资的部署力度总体上不断加大,政策内容框架逐渐系统化,形成自上而下推进城乡均衡发展、农村内部培育与外部人才引进相结合的基本脉络,关键政策调整包括加强乡村医疗人才队伍建设、推进社会医疗保险城乡统筹、全面提升农村义务教育水平、深入开展农民职业技能培训、积极支持外出人员返乡创业、加快建立乡村人才引进机制等方面。未来政策要重点着力于全面推进城乡居民医保制度整合、加快实现城乡教育事业融合发展、利用信息技术提升农村人力资本、完善乡村创业创新支持服务体系、建立健全乡村人才引进长效机制、优化农村人力资本投资保障工作等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The key to realizing rural revitalization is to revitalize talents, which shows that investing in rural human capital is an important responsibility of the government. However, there is no domestic literature that systematically reviews the rural human capital investment policies. In addition, the existing studies on the guidance and recommendations for the government to promote rural human capital investment are not systematic, and they also lack comprehensive consideration of the staged background and the latest situation. In order to bridge these gaps in the literature, this study explores the evolution trends and major adjustments of China’s rural human capital investment policies, based on the"Central Document No.1" from 2004 to 2020, and proposes possible future policy trends, which will help enrich and expand research in this field from the perspective of policy analysis, and provide a reference for the government to make policy formulations. Specifically, our study innovatively uses the policy content analysis method that can simultaneously reflect policy breadth, policy intensity, and policy adjustments, conducting the analysis in terms of the number of policy items, the number of keywords, the content of keywords, the intensity of policy implementation, and financial support.Given the characteristics of rural China, the study constructs an analytical framework based on the modern human capital theory to carry out policy researches on rural human capital investment in the Central Document No.1. The basic way for the government to improve human capital in rural areas can be summarized in five aspects: medical and health care, formal education, vocational skills training, the return of migrants, and the introduction of professionals. In terms of time, the policy of "Agriculture,Rural areas, and Farmers" has undergone a phased transition from the construction of a new socialist countryside to a rural revitalization strategy over the past ten years. In view of this, the study divides the period of 2004-2020 into two periods, 2004-2012 and 2013-2020, as marked out by the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and compares the phased changes in the rural human capital investment policies.The study finds that the central government investment in rural human capital is generally increasing, and the policy content is gradually systematized, forming a development trend that promotes a balanced urban and rural development from top to bottom, and combines rural cultivation of internal talents with the introduction of external talents. In addition, this policy evolution can accurately reflect the development trends of human capital investment in rural China, and provide a correct ideological guidance and path reference for the development of rural human capital investment practices. However,the corresponding financial support investment has shown a downward trend. We also found that the key policy adjustments include strengthening the construction of rural medical talents, promoting urban and rural coordination of social medical insurance, comprehensively improving rural compulsory education,in-depth development of farmers’ vocational skills training, supporting migrant workers returning to their hometowns to start businesses, and accelerating the establishment of a rural talents introduction mechanism. In view of the above, we believe that China’s future rural human capital investment policies should focus on these aspects, including comprehensively promoting the integration of urban and rural residents’ medical insurance systems, accelerating the integration of urban and rural education, using information technology to enhance rural human capital, improving rural entrepreneurship and innovation support service systems, establishing a long-term mechanism for the introduction of rural talents, and strengthening the protection of rural human capital investment. Thus, the top-level design of rural human capital investment policies can meet the needs of current and future rural revitalization strategies.更多还原