【摘要】 目的:采用Meta分析方法探究运动锻炼对强戒人员心理状态的干预效果,以期为强戒人员身心健康促进及康复工作提供循证依据。方法:以心理健康和生命质量为结局指标,查找了自建库起至2020年4月发表于Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane library、Medline、EBSCO、Elsevier、Springer、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中,有关运动锻炼对强戒人员心理健康和生命质量的随机对照试验。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行文献异质性检验、效应量合并,并绘制森林图、漏斗图和文献质量评价图,使用Stata 15软件分析纳入文献的敏感性和异质性。结果:Meta分析结果显示,运动锻炼可有效改善强戒人员的心理健康状态,尤其表现在躯体化水平(MD=-0.21,95%CI:-0.27,-0.14,P<0.01)、恐怖症状(MD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.13,-0.03,P<0.01)、人际敏感(MD=-0.14,95%CI:-0.20,-0.07,P<0.01)、敌对症状(MD=-0.09,95%CI:-0.16,-0.02,P=0.01)、焦虑症状(MD=-0.18,95%CI:-0.33,-0.04,P=0.01)、强迫症状(MD=-0.13,95%CI:-0.23,-0.02,P=0.02)及抑郁症状(MD=-0.20,95%CI:-0.31,-0.09,P<0.01),在偏执和精神症状方面改善不明显。与此同时,运动锻炼可有效提高强戒人员的生命质量,包括躯体功能(MD=5.49,95%CI:2.08,8.90,P<0.01)、心理功能(MD=3.26,95%CI:1.34,5.18,P<0.01)、症状副作用(MD=3.41,95%CI:1.21,5.60,P<0.01)、社会功能(MD=4.04,95%CI:2.57,5.51,P<0.01)以及生命质量总分(MD=15.29,95%CI:7.86,22.72,P<0.01)。结论:目前针对强戒人员的运动干预随机对照试验多采用中等强度左右的身心运动和有氧运动两种类型,这两种类型运动均可有效改善强戒人员的心理健康水平和生命质量,且对男性强戒人员的干预效果优于女性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: In order to provide reference to the improvement of the mental and physical health and the rehabilitation of the drug addicts, this study applied the meta-analysis to explore the intervention effects of exercise on mental health and quality of life of drug addicts during compulsory isolation. Methods: Taking mental health and quality of life as the two main outcomes, this study searched all the randomized controlled trials published in Web of Science,PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer, CNKI, Wan Fang and Wei Pu databases from their establishments to April 2020. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to test study heterogeneity and synthesis effect sizes, and to draw the forest plots, funnel plots, and literature quality assessment maps. Stata 15 software was used to assess the sensitivity and sources of heterogeneity of the included references. Results: Results from the meta-analysis showed that exercise interventions could improve mental health of drug addicts, especially in somatization(MD=-0.21, 95% CI:-0.27,-0.14, P<0.01), phobic anxiety(MD=-0.08, 95% CI:-0.13,-0.03, P<0.01), interpersonal sensitivity(MD=-0.14, 95% CI:-0.20,-0.07, P<0.01), hostility(MD=-0.09,95% CI:-0.16,-0.02, P=0.01), anxiety(MD=-0.18, 95% CI:-0.33,-0.04, P=0.01), obsessive compulsive(MD=-0.13, 95% CI:-0.23,-0.02, P=0.02) and depression(MD=-0.20,95% CI:-0.31,-0.09, P<0.01). No significant effects were displayed in paranoia or psychiatric symptoms. Meanwhile, exercise could improve the quality of life in terms of physical function(MD=5.49, 95% CI: 2.08, 8.90, P<0.01), psychological function(MD=3.26, 95% CI: 1.34,5.18, P<0.01), symptoms and side effects(MD=3.41, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.60, P<0.01), social function(MD=4.04, 95% CI: 2.57, 5.51, P<0.01) and the total score of quality of life(MD=15.29, 95% CI: 7.86, 22.72, P<0.01). Conclusions: Most of the related RCT studies are conducted using moderate exercise intensity, and both physical-only and physical-mental exercise can promote mental health and quality of life in drug addicts during compulsory isolation. In addition, exercise efficacy is more obvious in men than that in women.更多还原