【摘要】 为从根本上禁止稻草焚烧,促进稻草还田,本研究依托自主研发的稻草粉碎均匀抛撒装置,通过大田试验与野外模拟试验,以目前水稻收获的常规模式稻草不粉碎条带还田（T1）及中度粉碎条带还田（T2）为对照,设置稻草粉碎条带还田模式（T3）及稻草粉碎均匀抛撒还田模式（T4）,研究不同粉碎程度与还田方式对稻草焚烧特性的影响。结果表明:稻草抛撒均匀度及还田密度随着粉碎程度的增加而显著增加,稻草还田厚度则呈显著减少趋势。T4的稻草平均长度为5.3 cm,分别仅为T1、T2的13.6%、36.8%;稻草抛撒均匀度为87.4%,较T1、T2分别增加49.7个和42.0个百分点;稻草还田厚度为2.7 cm,仅为T1、T2的22.1%、27.8%;稻草还田密度为17.6 kg·m^-3,较T1、T2分别增加88.3%、17.3%。在稻草条带还田（T1、T2、T3）模式下,粉碎程度越高,含水率下降越慢,燃烧时间越长,燃烧率越低,燃烧速率越慢,灰分越高,燃烧越不充分。T4通过稻草均匀抛撒虽可加速稻草含水率的下降,但燃烧时间、燃烧率及灰分仅分别为0.3min、6.0%、1.7%,均显著低于其他处理,几乎未燃烧。表明稻草粉碎均匀抛撒还田条件下无法燃烧,有利于从根本上实现秸秆禁烧。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice straw burning is a major source of pollutants emissions in China. Its contribution to the emission of various pollutants is much higher than that of corn and wheat straws, which has resulted in tremendous pressure on the surrounding urban environment and residents’ health. Simultaneously, rice straw will become the most important source of organic fertilizer for rice production in the future. To fundamentally forbid rice straw burning and promote rice straw return to the field, in this study, we set the current conventional mode of rice harvest, including rice straw stripped to the field without crush(T1) and with moderate crush(T2) as controls, and crushed rice straw stripped to the field(T3) and evenly returned to the field(T4) as the treatments. The treatments relied on a self-invented device that crushed and homogeneously scattered the rice straw in field tests. The field simulation tests aimed to study the influence of different crushing degrees and returning methods on the rice straw combustion characteristics. The results showed that the scattering homogeneity and returning density of rice straw increased significantly with increased crushing degree, but the returning thickness of rice straw significantly decreased. The rice straw average length of T4 was 5.3 cm, which was only 13.6% and 36.8% of T1 and T2, respectively. The scattering homogeneity of T4 was 87.4%, which was 49.7% and 42.0% higher than that of T1 and T2, respectively. The thickness of rice straw returned to the field of T4 was 2.7 cm, which was only 22.1% and 27.8% of T1 and T2, respectively. The density of rice straw returned to the field of T4 was 17.6 kg·m-3, which was 88.3% and 17.3% higher than that of T1 and T2, respectively. Under the rice straw strip-returning modes(T1, T2, T3), the higher the degree of rice straw crushing, the slower the decline in moisture content, the longer the combustion time, the lower the combustion rate, the slower the combustion speed, the higher the ash content, and the less sufficient the combustion. Although T4 can accelerate the decrease in rice straw moisture content by homogeneous scattering, the combustion time, combustion speed, and ash content were only 0.3%, 6.0%, and 1.7%, respectively. This was significantly lower than those in the other treatments, indicating that the rice straw was almost unburned. These results indicate that the rice straw could not be burned when crushed and evenly thrown to the field, which was beneficial for achieving a ban on rice straw combustion. Therefore, local government functional departments need only to compulsorily install the devices for crushing and homogeneously scattering rice straw with the combine harvester, which will completely prohibit the burning of rice straw. This will promote the fertilization of paddy soil and greatly reduce the difficulty and costs of agricultural law agencies enforcing rice straw burning bans.更多还原