【摘要】 随着全球价值链(GVC)和全球气候治理的深入发展,GVC研究框架已成为研究碳排放效率的重要工具。"一带一路"倡议为GVC重塑提供契机,那么GVC嵌入能否成为提高"一带一路"沿线国家制造业碳排放效率的新途径是一个值得研究的问题。文章在梳理了GVC嵌入对碳排放效率影响的理论机制基础上,基于WIOD数据库2000—2014年包含的"一带一路"沿线国家制造业的投入产出数据,采用多区域投入产出模型和非径向方向距离函数模型(DDF)分别对这些国家制造业的GVC嵌入程度和碳排放效率进行测算,并实证检验了GVC嵌入对沿线国家制造业碳排放效率的影响。研究发现:(1)GVC嵌入可以提升"一带一路"沿线国家制造业的碳排放效率。由不同来源引致的GVC嵌入对碳排放效率的提升作用不同,沿线国家制造业的碳排放效率提升主要源于发达国家清洁行业和发展中国家污染行业引致的GVC嵌入。(2)GVC嵌入对碳排放效率的影响存在显著的行业异质性,具体表现为GVC嵌入更加利于提升沿线国家技术密集型行业的碳排放效率,而对劳动密集型行业和资本密集型行业的碳排放效率具有显著的抑制作用,说明技术水平越高的行业越可以通过GVC嵌入方式实现碳排放效率的提升;技术水平越低的行业参与GVC嵌入面临环境污染威胁的风险越大。(3)GVC嵌入主要通过"追赶效应""创新效应"和"领先效应"改善沿线国家制造业的碳排放效率。其中,"追赶效应"是优先机制,说明GVC的嵌入主要通过改善沿线国家制造业生产能力的方式提升碳排放效率;"领先效应"是次优机制,而"创新效应"是待突破机制,说明GVC嵌入对于提高沿线国家制造业的市场竞争能力和自主创新能力的作用有限。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the further development of global value chain(GVC) and global climate governance, the research framework of GVC has become an important tool for carbon emission efficiency research. The Belt and Road Initiative provides an opportunity for the remodeling of GVC. It is worth investigating that the question of whether GVC embedding can become a new way to improve the carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industries in countries along the Belt and Road. Based on the theoretical mechanism of the impact of GVC embedding on carbon emission efficiency, this study employed the multi-region input-output model and the non-radial directional distance function(DDF) model respectively to measure the degree of GVC embedding and carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industries in the Belt and Road countries by using the input-output data of WOID database from 2000 to 2014. Then the study empirically examined the effect of GVC embedding on the carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industries in 16 countries. The empirical results showed that:(1) GVC embedding improved the carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industries in the Belt and Road countries. GVC embedding induced by different sources had different effects on carbon emission efficiency, that is, the improvement of carbon emission efficiency in the Belt and Road countries was mainly attributed to the GVC embedding resulted from clean industries in developed countries and polluting industries in developing countries.(2) The effect of GVC embedding on carbon emission efficiency showed significant industry heterogeneity. Specifically, GVC embedding was more conducive to the improvement of carbon emission efficiency of technology-intensive industries in the Belt and Road countries, while having significant negative effect on the carbon emission efficiency of labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries, which implied that the higher the technical level was, the more carbon emission efficiency could be improved through GVC embedding, while the lower the technical level was, the greater the risk of environmental pollution.(3) GVC embedding improved the carbon emission efficiency of the manufacturing industries in the Belt and Road countries through catch-up effect, innovation effect, and leading effect. Specifically, the catch-up effect was the priority mechanism, indicating that GVC embedding improved the carbon emission efficiency by improving the production capacity of the manufacturing industries in the Belt and Road countries. Leading effect was a sub-optimal mechanism, while innovation effect was a mechanism to be achieved, implying that GVC embedding played a limited role in improving the ability of market competitiveness and independent innovation of the manufacturing industries in the Belt and Road countries.更多还原