【摘要】 [目的]果园生草是一项涵水保墒、提肥调温的生态环保型果园管理技术,其逐渐在黄土高原地区的果园中得到了一定的推广应用。文章主要分析甘肃庆阳市农户采用苹果园生草技术对其收入的影响。[方法]采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM),利用2017年在陇东黄土高原甘肃庆阳南部3县1区32个村的192个农户的调研数据,分析了农户采用苹果园生草技术对苹果产量及家庭收入的影响。[结果](1)苹果园生草技术的采用对苹果产量增加有显著效应;(2)采用苹果园生草技术农户的苹果园收入和家庭总收入都产生了增收效应;(3)利用倾向得分匹配法,采用苹果园生草技术农户的苹果园收入和家庭总收入比未采用该技术农户分别提升了1.30倍和1.29倍;(4)对果园收入和农户家庭总收入分析中,一般描述统计方法比倾向得分匹配法高估了67.7%和14.73%;(5)户主性别、受教育程度、苹果种植面积对农户家庭总收入的增加有显著促进作用。[结论]果园生草技术对提高苹果产量、增加苹果园收入和家庭总收入具有显著的促进作用。为了让更多农户接受苹果园生草技术,加大推广应用的规模,建议政府管理部门重视苹果园生草技术的推广应用,加强农户技术培训和实物补偿,使苹果产业向提质增效方向发展,以促进当地农业供给侧结构改革,实现农民增收,实现资源节约、环境改善的两型农业发展目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Planting forage in orchards is an eco-friendly orchard management technology, beneficial to maintainsoil quality and water conservation, which has been widely used in the Loess Plateau. To determine technologyadoption impacts on farmers′ income in Qingyang city, Gansu province, propensity score matching(PSM) was usedto analyze the influence of planting forage in orchard on farmers′ income, based on the field survey of 192 farmhouseholds in 32 villages in 4 counties in Qingyang in 2017. The results showed that:(1) The adoption of forageplanting in apple orchard had a significant effect on apple yield increase.(2) The orchard income and farmhouseholds income of the farmers using the technology had a positive response.(3) Incomes of the orchard and farmhouseholds who adopted improved were 1.30 times and 1.29 times than those did not adopt respectively.(4) In theanalysis of the general description of the statistical method was overestimated the income of the orchard and thetotal income of the farm households by 67.7% and 14.73%, compared with the PSM methods.(5) The owner of thehousehold gender, the education level and the apple orchard size had a significant effect on the increase in theincome of the farm households. So, planting forage in orchard have a significant role in promoting apple quality,increasing apple orchard income and farm household income. In order to increase the scale of popularization andapplication, it is recommended that the government should pay more attention to the promotion and application ofthe technology, strengthen the specific training of farmers and the physical subsidy to promote the forage planting inthe apple orchard, so as to promote the reform of the local agricultural supply side structure, and achieve the two-type agricultural development goals of increasing farmers′ income, conserving resources, and improving theenvironment.更多还原